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In its first part, this paper summarizes recent work on the mass and shape of the Galactic dark halo. The second part presents a review of the large-scale structure of the Milky Way, and of the evidence that the inner Galaxy is dominated by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ortwin Gerhard

This article summarizes the structural parameters of the Galactic bulge and disk, and discusses the interpretation of the bulge microlensing observations and the determination of the Milky Way's luminous mass from the terminal velocity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ortwin Gerhard

The stellar populations in the inner kiloparsecs of the Milky Way (MW) show complex kinematical and chemical structures. The origin and evolution of these structures is still under debate. Here we study the central region of a fully…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-03 Tobias Buck , Melissa Ness , Aura Obreja , Andrea V. Macciò , Aaron A. Dutton

Numerous studies of integrated starlight, stellar counts, and kinematics have confirmed that the Milky Way is a barred galaxy. However, far fewer studies have investigated the bar's stellar population properties, which carry valuable…

The assembly of the Milky Way bulge is an old topic in astronomy, one now in a period of renewed and rapid development. The dominant scenario for bulge formation is that of the Milky Way as a nearly pure disk galaxy, with the inner disk…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-10-04 David M. Nataf

While it is incontrovertible that the inner Galaxy contains a bar, its structure near the Galactic plane has remained uncertain, where extinction from intervening dust is greatest. We investigate here the Galactic bar outside the bulge, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-17 Christopher Wegg , Ortwin Gerhard , Matthieu Portail

Using observational data on the kinematical properties and density distributions of the subsystems of the Milky Way galaxy, we construct a set of multi-component equilibrium models of its disk. The dynamics of the disk is studied…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-12-17 V. I. Korchagin , S. S. Khrapov , A. V. Khoperskov

We examine the metallicity trends in the Milky Way (MW) bulge - using APOGEE DR13 data - and explore their origin by comparing two N-body models of isolated galaxies which develop a bar and a boxy/peanut (b/p) bulge. Both models have been…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-15 F. Fragkoudi , P. Di Matteo , M. Haywood , S. Khoperskov , A. Gómez , M. Schultheis , F. Combes , B. Semelin

The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, with physical properties inferred from various tracers informed by the extrapolation of structures seen in other galaxies. However, the distances of these tracers are measured indirectly and are…

We present a novel interpretation of the previously puzzling different behaviours of stellar populations of the Milky Way's bulge. We first show, by means of pure N-body simulations, that initially co-spatial stellar populations with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-08 Victor P. Debattista , Melissa Ness , Oscar A. Gonzalez , K. Freeman , Manuela Zoccali , Dante Minniti

The Milky Way is the only galaxy for which we can resolve individual stars at all evolutionary phases, from the Galactic center to the outskirt. The last decade, thanks to the advent of near IR detectors and 8 meter class telescopes, has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dante Minniti , Manuela Zoccali

Like the majority of spiral galaxies, the Milky Way contains a central non-axisymmetric bar component. Our position in the Galactic plane renders it rather hard to see, but also allows us to make measurements of the bar that are completely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. R. Merrifield

The center of our disk galaxy, the Milky Way, is dominated by a boxy/peanut-shaped bulge. Numerous studies of the bulge based on stellar photometry have concluded that the bulge stars are exclusively old. The perceived lack of young stars…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-18 M. Ness , Victor. P. Debattista , T. Bensby , S. Feltzing , R. Roskar , D. R. Cole , J. A. Johnson , K. Freeman

We model the formation of a bar plus box/peanut bulge (BP bulge) component in a Milky Way-like disc galaxy using simulations of isolated multi-component systems that evolve from equilibrium initial conditions. The simulations are designed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-29 N. Deg , Victor P. Debattista , Lawrence Widrow , Stuart Robert Anderson , Oscar A. Gonzalez , Thomas R. Quinn

The detailed dynamical structure of the bulge in the Milky Way is currently under debate. Although kinematics of the bulge stars can be well reproduced by a boxy-bulge, the possible existence of a small embedded classical bulge can not be…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Kanak Saha , Inma Martinez-Valpuesta , Ortwin Gerhard

The DENIS/ISOGAL near/mid-IR survey of the Milky Way for the first time probes stellar populations in the innermost obscured regions of our galaxy. Ages, metallicities and extinction-corrected luminosities are derived for these stars…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-17 Jacco van Loon

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy comprising three main components: the Bulge, the Disk, and the Halo. Of particular interest is the Galactic disk, which holds a significant portion of the baryonic matter angular momentum and harbors at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-13 Maria Rah , Manolya Yatman , Ali Taani , Ahmad A. Abushattal , Mohammad K. Mardini

We construct a large set of dynamical models of the galactic bulge, bar and inner disk using the Made-to-Measure method. Our models are constrained to match the red clump giant density from a combination of the VVV, UKIDSS and 2MASS…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-12-21 Matthieu Portail , Ortwin Gerhard , Christopher Wegg , Melissa Ness

We investigate the rotation curve of the Milky Way using a multi-component mass model including a stellar disk, a gaseous disk, a bulge/bar component, and a dark-matter halo. The stellar and gas contributions are calibrated using recent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-17 Zi Liu

The kinematics of the Milky Way bulge is known to be complex, reflecting the presence of multiple stellar components with distinct chemical and spatial properties. In particular, the bulge hosts a bar structure exhibiting cylindrical…