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The landscape of ultrafast structured light pulses has recently evolved driven by the capability of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) to up-convert orbital angular momentum (OAM) from the infrared to the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV)…

High-harmonic generation (HHG) provides the only source of attosecond pulses -- currently the shortest accessible time intervals, and it is employed as the only table-top source of light in extreme UV and soft X-ray spectral regions. Chiral…

Extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) sources including high-harmonic generation, free-electron lasers, soft x-ray lasers and laser-driven plasmas are widely used for applications ranging from femtochemistry and attosecond science to coherent…

We experimentally observe longer than long trajectory influence in high order harmonic generation (HHG) by varying the peak intensity of the driving laser field through either direct attenuation, or by chirping the laser pulse. Using a…

By experimentally studying high-order harmonic beams generated in gases, we show how the spatial characteristics of these ultrashort XUV beams can be finely controlled under standard generation conditions. For the first time, we demonstrate…

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has typically been explored in transparent dielectrics and semiconductors. Metals have long been dismissed due to their strong reflectivity at infrared wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate HHG from…

Improving the conversion efficiency is critical for advancing nonlinear photonic devices, enabling applications in ultrafast optics, quantum light sources, and high-resolution imaging. Herein, we present a bilayer waveguide integrated with…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-21 Xin Huang , Qi Lin , Sheng-Xuan Xia , Xiang Zhai , Gui-Dong Liu

High harmonics generation (HHG) of coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation enables ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy with attosecond-scale timing resolutions. Yet beam control of generated EUV radiation remains a major challenge for…

Since the new millennium coherent extreme ultra-violet and soft x-ray radiation has revolutionized the understanding of dynamical physical, chemical and biological systems at the electron's natural timescale. Unfortunately, coherent…

The lack of available table-top extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with high enough fluxes and coherence properties have limited the availability of nonlinear XUV and x-ray spectroscopies to free electron lasers (FEL). Here, we demonstrate…

The use of structured light to drive highly nonlinear processes in matter not only enables imprinting spatially-resolved properties onto short-wavelength radiation, but also opens alternative avenues for exploring the dynamics of nonlinear…

We present studies of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) at laser intensities well above saturation. We use driving laser pulses which present a particular electron dynamics in the turn-on stage. Our results predict an increasing on the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 J. A. Pérez-Hernández , M. F. Ciappina , M. Lewenstein , A. Zaïr , L. Roso

Isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) produced through laser-driven high-harmonic generation (HHG) hold promise for unprecedented insight into biological processes via attosecond x-ray diffraction with tabletop sources. However, efficient…

High harmonic generation (HHG) has unleashed the power of strong laser physics in solids. Here we investigate HHG from a large system, solid C$_{60}$, with 240 valence electrons engaging harmonic generation at each crystal momentum, the…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-23 G. P. Zhang , Y. H. Bai

We experimentally disentangle the contributions of different quantum paths in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from the spectrally and spatially resolved harmonic spectra. By adjusting the laser intensity and focusing position, we…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-10-08 Lixin He , Pengfei Lan , Qingbin Zhang , Chunyang Zhai , Feng Wang , Wenjing Shi , Peixiang Lu

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) light beams for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) provide an additional degree of freedom to study the light-matter interaction at ultrafast timescales. A more sophisticated configuration is a perfect…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-01 Bikash Kumar Das , C. Granados , M. Krüger , Marcelo F. Ciappina

The interaction of strong near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses with wide-bandgap dielectrics produces high harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelength range. These observations have opened up the possibility of attosecond metrology in…

We review the current state of tabletop extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources based on high harmonic generation (HHG) in femtosecond enhancement cavities (fsEC). Recent developments have enabled generation of high photon flux (1014 photons/sec)…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-05 Arthur K Mills , TJ Hammond , Matthew HC Lam , David J Jones

We theoretically demonstrate x-ray second harmonic generation (SHG) with strong-field-driven high harmonic generation (HHG) from core electrons in gas-phase atoms, highlighting its potential as a powerful spectroscopic tool for studying…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Xinhua Xie

When a high power laser beam irradiates a small aperture on a solid foil target, the strong laser field drives surface plasma oscillation at the periphery of this aperture, which acts as a "relativistic oscillating window". The diffracted…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Longqing Yi