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The paper focuses on the fact that quantum projective measurements do not necessarily conserve energy. On the other hand the Wigner-Araki-Yanase (WAY) theorem states that assuming a "standard" von Neumann measurement model and "additivity"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-25 Stephen Parrott

We study the conservation of energy, or lack thereof, when measurements are performed in quantum mechanics. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian of a system can clearly change when wave functions collapse in accordance with the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Sean M. Carroll , Jackie Lodman

In this paper, a protocol is proposed in which energy extraction from local vacuum states is possible by using quantum measurement information for the vacuum state of quantum fields. In the protocol, Alice, who stays at a spatial point,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-07-24 Masahiro Hotta

We discuss a thought experiment where two operators, Alice and Bob, perform transverse spin measurements on a quantum system; this system is initially in a double Fock spin state, which extends over a large distance in space so that the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 F. Laloë , W. J. Mullin

Suppose a quantum system starts to evolve under a Hamiltonian from some initial state. When for the first time, will an observable attain a preassigned value? To answer this question, one method often adopted is to make instantaneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-01 Shrabanti Dhar , Subinay Dasgupta

We propose a communication protocol exploiting correlations between two events with a definite time-ordering: a) the outcome of a {\em weak measurement} on a spin, and b) the outcome of a subsequent ordinary measurement on the spin. In our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Alonso Botero , Benni Reznik

When Alice measures all her spin-$\half$ of a large ensemble of $N$ singlets, all along the same direction $\vec a$, she prepares at a distance an ensemble of spins for Bob which, because of statistical fluctuations, have a magnetic moment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-31 Nicolas Gisin

The Wigner-Araki-Yanase (WAY) theorem shows that additive conservation laws limit the accuracy of measurements. Recently, various quantitative expressions have been found for quantum limits on measurements induced by additive conservation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-28 Gen Kimura , Bernhard K. Meister , Masanao Ozawa

The ability to measure every quantum observable is ensured by a fundamental result in quantum measurement theory. Nevertheless, additive conservation laws associated with physical symmetries, such as the angular momentum conservation, may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-24 Mikko Tukiainen

We present a hitherto unknown fundamental limitation to a basic measurement: that of the position of a quantum object when the total momentum of the object and apparatus is conserved. This result extends the famous Wigner-Araki-Yanase (WAY)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-22 Paul Busch , Leon Loveridge

We revisit the theorem of Wigner, Araki and Yanase (WAY) describing limitations to repeatable quantum measurements that arise from the presence of conservation laws. We will review a strengthening of this theorem by exhibiting and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 P. Busch , L. D. Loveridge

An emergent theory of quantum measurement arises directly by considering the particular subset of many body wavefunctions that can be associated with classical condensed matter and its interaction with delocalized wavefunctions. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-03 Clifford Chafin

Since its discovery, quantum theory has proven to be one of the most precise theories ever made. Measurement processes, however, do not seem to be governed by the unitary law of quantum mechanics, and one can ask if the theory is complete.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-15 Thiago Guerreiro , Fernando Monteiro

A theory is developed which attempts to reconcile the measurements of nonlocal quantum observables with special relativity and quantum mechanics. The collapse of a wave function, which coincides with a nonlocal measurement by some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. Moffat

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

An open quantum system leaks information into its environment. In some circumstances it is possible for an observer, say Alice, to recover that information, as a classical measurement record, in a variety of different ways, using different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Areeya Chantasri , Kiarn T. Laverick , Howard M. Wiseman

It is shown that Quantum Mechanics is ambiguous when predicting relative frequencies for an entangled system if the measurements of both subsystems are performed in spatially separated events. This ambiguity gives way to unphysical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-27 Carlos Lopez

A quantitative extension of the Wigner-Araki-Yanase theorem is obtained on the limitation on precise, non-disturbing measurements of observables which do not commute with additive conserved quantities, and applied to obtaining a limitation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masanao Ozawa

It is important to improve the accuracy of quantum measurements and operations both in engineering and fundamental physics. It is known, however, that the achievable accuracy of measurements and unitary operations are generally limited by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Ryota Katsube , Masanao Ozawa , Masahiro Hotta

Motivated by anomalous nonlocal correlation in the Kitaev spin liquids, we propose a quantum energy teleportation protocol between remote partners Alice and Bob on a quantum spin model, and examine how its performance is characterized by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Hiroaki Matsueda , Yusuke Masaki , Kanji Itoh , Atsushi Ono , Joji Nasu
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