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Unmeasured confounding is one of the major concerns in causal inference from observational data. Proximal causal inference (PCI) is an emerging methodological framework to detect and potentially account for confounding bias by carefully…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-24 Kendrick Li , George C. Linderman , Xu Shi , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Individualized treatment rules can lead to better health outcomes when patients have heterogeneous responses to treatment. Very few individualized treatment rule estimation methods are compatible with a multi-treatment observational study…

Causal effect estimation for dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) contributes to sequential decision making. However, censoring and time-dependent confounding under DTRs are challenging as the amount of observational data declines over time due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Adi Lin , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan , Fujin Zhu , Guangquan Zhang

We introduce a flexible individual frailty model for clustered right-censored data, in which covariate effects can be marginally interpreted as log failure odds ratios. Flexible correlation structures can be imposed by introducing…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-03-27 Rui Zhang Kwun Chuen Gary Chan

There is growing interest in a hybrid control design for treatment evaluation, where a randomized controlled trial is augmented with external control data from a previous trial or a real world data source. The hybrid control design has the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Zhiwei Zhang , Peisong Han , Wei Zhang

Uncertainty quantification of prediction models through prediction sets is increasingly popular and successful, but most existing methods rely on directly observing the outcome and do not appropriately handle censored outcomes, such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-06 Wenwen Si , Hongxiang Qiu

We propose a semiparametric model to study the effect of covariates on the distribution of a censored event time while making minimal assumptions about the censoring mechanism. The result is a partially identified model, in the sense that…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-19 Ilias Willems , Jad Beyhum , Ingrid Van Keilegom

Survival analysis of right censored data arises often in many areas of research including medical research. Effect of covariates (and their interactions) on survival distribution can be studied through existing methods which requires to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-11 Madan Gopal Kundu , Samiran Ghosh

Given a pair of multivariate time-series data of the same length and dimensions, an approach is proposed to select variables and time intervals where the two series are significantly different. In applications where one time series is an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-11 Kensuke Mitsuzawa , Margherita Grossi , Stefano Bortoli , Motonobu Kanagawa

In a longitudinal study, measures of key variables might be incomplete or partially recorded due to drop-out, loss to follow-up, or early termination of the study occurring before the advent of the event of interest. In this paper, we focus…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-19 Roland A. Matsouaka , Folefac D. Atem

Survival time is the primary endpoint of many randomized controlled trials, and a treatment effect is typically quantified by the hazard ratio under the assumption of proportional hazards. Awareness is increasing that in many settings this…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-04 Robin Ristl , Heiko Götte , Armin Schüler , Martin Posch , Franz König

Researchers are often interested in using longitudinal data to estimate the causal effects of hypothetical time-varying treatment interventions on the mean or risk of a future outcome. Standard regression/conditioning methods for…

This paper proposes a new test for the comparison of conditional quantile curves when the outcome of interest, typically a duration, is subject to right censoring. The test can be applied both in the case of two independent samples and for…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-08 Lorenzo Tedesco , Ingrid Van Keilegom

We present a conformal inference method for constructing lower prediction bounds for survival times from right-censored data, extending recent approaches designed for more restrictive type-I censoring scenarios. The proposed method imputes…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Matteo Sesia , Vladimir Svetnik

The conditional survival function of a time-to-event outcome subject to censoring and truncation is a common target of estimation in survival analysis. This parameter may be of scientific interest and also often appears as a nuisance in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Charles J. Wolock , Peter B. Gilbert , Noah Simon , Marco Carone

The primary analysis in two-arm clinical trials usually involves inference on a scalar treatment effect parameter; e.g., depending on the outcome, the difference of treatment-specific means, risk difference, risk ratio, or odds ratio. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-25 Anastasios A. Tsiatis , Marie Davidian

We use statistical mechanics techniques, viz. the replica method, to model the effect of censoring on overfitting in Cox's proportional hazards model, the dominant regression method for time-to-event data. In the overfitting regime, Maximum…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-06 Emanuele Massa , Alexander Mozeika , Anthony Coolen

Counterfactual estimation from observations represents a critical endeavor in numerous application fields, such as healthcare and finance, with the primary challenge being the mitigation of treatment bias. The balancing strategy aimed at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Qiang Huang , Chuizheng Meng , Defu Cao , Biwei Huang , Yi Chang , Yan Liu

Dose-finding trials are a key component of the drug development process and rely on a statistical design to help inform dosing decisions. Triallists wishing to choose a design require knowledge of operating characteristics of competing…

Computation · Statistics 2025-03-11 Michael Sweeting , Daniel Slade , Dan Jackson , Kristian Brock

We are interested in the estimation of average treatment effects based on right-censored data of an observational study. We focus on causal inference of differences between t-year absolute event risks in a situation with competing risks. We…