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Hypervariable T-cell receptors (TCR) play a key role in adaptive immunity, recognising a vast diversity of pathogen-derived antigens. High throughput sequencing of TCR repertoires (RepSeq) produces huge datasets of T-cell receptor sequences…

B cell receptors (BCRs) play a crucial role in recognizing and fighting foreign antigens. High-throughput sequencing enables in-depth sampling of the BCRs repertoire after immunization. However, only a minor fraction of BCRs actively…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-22 Maria Francesca Abbate , Thomas Dupic , Emmanuelle Vigne , Melody A. Shahsavarian , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Thierry Mora

The adaptive immune response relies on T cells that combine phenotypic specialization with diversity of T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize a wide range of pathogens. TCRs are acquired and selected during T cell maturation in the thymus.…

Recent advances in immunomics have shown that T-cell receptor (TCR) signatures can accurately predict active or recent infection by leveraging the high specificity of TCR binding to disease antigens. However, the extreme diversity of the…

The adaptive immune system recognizes antigens via an immense array of antigen-binding antibodies and T-cell receptors, the immune repertoire. The interrogation of immune repertoires is of high relevance for understanding the adaptive…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-02 Enkelejda Miho , Alexander Yermanos , Cédric R. Weber , Christoph T. Berger , Sai T. Reddy , Victor Greiff

T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data contain information about infections that could be used in disease diagnostics and vaccine development, but extracting that information remains a major challenge. Here we developed a statistical…

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and binding to specific antigens presented by infected or cancerous cells. Understanding the sequence patterns of TCRs is essential for developing targeted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yicheng Lin , Dandan Zhang , Yun Liu

In response to pathogens, the adaptive immune system generates specific antibodies that bind and neutralize foreign antigens. Understanding the composition of an individual's immune repertoire can provide insights into this process and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-16 Jeffrey A. Ruffolo , Jeffrey J. Gray , Jeremias Sulam

A central question in human immunology is how a patient's repertoire of T cells impacts disease. Here, we introduce a method to infer the causal effects of T cell receptor (TCR) sequences on patient outcomes using observational TCR…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-21 Eli N. Weinstein , Elizabeth B. Wood , David M. Blei

Understanding the structure of the human T-cell receptor repertoire is a crucial precondition to understand the ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to antigens. T-cells are often compared via the complementarity…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-14 Paul Richter

The repertoire of lymphocyte receptors in the adaptive immune system protects organisms from diverse pathogens. A well-adapted repertoire should be tuned to the pathogenic environment to reduce the cost of infections. We develop a general…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-02-17 Andreas Mayer , Vijay Balasubramanian , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

T cells are central to the adaptive immune response, capable of detecting pathogenic antigens while ignoring healthy tissues with remarkable specificity and sensitivity. Quantitatively understanding how T cell receptors (TCRs) discriminate…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-25 François X. P. Bourassa , Sooraj Achar , Grégoire Altan-Bonnet , Paul François

T-cell receptors (TCR) are key proteins of the adaptive immune system, generated randomly in each individual, whose diversity underlies our ability to recognize infections and malignancies. Modeling the distribution of TCR sequences is of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-01 Giulio Isacchini , Zachary Sethna , Yuval Elhanati , Armita Nourmohammad , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Thierry Mora

The T cell arm of the adaptive immune system provides the host protection against unknown pathogens by discriminating between host and foreign material. This discriminatory capability is achieved by the creation of a repertoire of cells…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Kevin Ng Chau , Jason T. George , José N. Onuchic , Xingcheng Lin , Herbert Levine

High throughput immune repertoire sequencing is promising to lead to new statistical diagnostic tools for medicine and biology. Successful implementations of these methods require a correct characterization, analysis and interpretation of…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-13 Quentin Marcou , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M Walczak

A key challenge in molecular biology is to decipher the mapping of protein sequence to function. To perform this mapping requires the identification of sequence features most informative about function. Here, we quantify the amount of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-19 James Henderson , Yuta Nagano , Martina Milighetti , Andreas Tiffeau-Mayer

T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires encode critical immunological signatures for autoimmune diseases, yet their clinical application remains limited by sequence sparsity and low witness rates. We developed EAMil, a multi-instance deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ruihao Zhang , Mao chen , Fei Ye , Dandan Meng , Yixuan Huang , Xiao Liu

The adaptive immune system is a natural diagnostic and therapeutic. It recognizes threats earlier than clinical symptoms manifest and neutralizes antigen with exquisite specificity. Recognition specificity and broad reactivity is enabled…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-26 Alex J. Brown , Igor Snapkov , Rahmad Akbar , Milena Pavlović , Enkelejda Miho , Geir K. Sandve , Victor Greiff

Repertoire-level analysis of T cell receptors offers a biologically grounded signal for disease detection and immune monitoring, yet practical deployment is impeded by label sparsity, cohort heterogeneity, and the computational burden of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rong Fu , Muge Qi , Yang Li , Yabin Jin , Jiekai Wu , Jiaxuan Lu , Chunlei Meng , Youjin Wang , Zeli Su , Juntao Gao , Li Bao , Qi Zhao , Wei Luo , Simon Fong
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