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Clinical coding is the task of assigning a set of alphanumeric codes, referred to as ICD (International Classification of Diseases), to a medical event based on the context captured in a clinical narrative. The latest version of ICD,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Cansu Sen , Bingyang Ye , Javed Aslam , Amir Tahmasebi

ICD coding is a process of assigning the International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes to clinical/medical notes documented by health professionals (e.g. clinicians). This process requires significant human resources, and thus is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Thanh Vu , Dat Quoc Nguyen , Anthony Nguyen

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding is the task of assigning ICD diagnosis codes to clinical notes. This can be challenging given the large quantity of labels (nearly 9,000) and lengthy texts (up to 8,000 tokens). However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Junwen Duan , Han Jiang , Ying Yu

There are several opportunities for automation in healthcare that can improve clinician throughput. One such example is assistive tools to document diagnosis codes when clinicians write notes. We study the automation of medical code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Weiming Ren , Ruijing Zeng , Tongzi Wu , Tianshu Zhu , Rahul G. Krishnan

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a global medical classification system which provides unique codes for diagnoses and procedures appropriate to a patient's clinical record. However, manual coding by human coders is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Daeseong Kim , Haanju Yoo , Sewon Kim

Clinical notes are unstructured text generated by clinicians during patient encounters. Clinical notes are usually accompanied by a set of metadata codes from the International Classification of Diseases(ICD). ICD code is an important code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Tak-Sung Heo , Yongmin Yoo , Yeongjoon Park , Byeong-Cheol Jo , Kyungsun Kim

Although the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has been adopted worldwide, manually assigning ICD codes to clinical text is time-consuming, error-prone, and expensive, motivating the development of automated approaches. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Gonçalo Gomes , Isabel Coutinho , Bruno Martins

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is an authoritative medical classification system of different diseases and conditions for clinical and management purposes. ICD indexing assigns a subset of ICD codes to a medical record.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xindi Wang , Robert E. Mercer , Frank Rudzicz

Clinical notes in healthcare facilities are tagged with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code; a list of classification codes for medical diagnoses and procedures. ICD coding is a challenging multilabel text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Kashyap , Stefan Winkler

International Classification of Diseases(ICD) is an authoritative health care classification system of different diseases and conditions for clinical and management purposes. Considering the complicated and dedicated process to assign…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Haoran Shi , Pengtao Xie , Zhiting Hu , Ming Zhang , Eric P. Xing

ICD-9 coding is a relevant clinical billing task, where unstructured texts with information about a patient's diagnosis and treatments are annotated with multiple ICD-9 codes. Automated ICD-9 coding is an active research field, where CNN-…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Malte Feucht , Zhiliang Wu , Sophia Althammer , Volker Tresp

Healthcare providers usually record detailed notes of the clinical care delivered to each patient for clinical, research, and billing purposes. Due to the unstructured nature of these narratives, providers employ dedicated staff to assign…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Chufan Gao , Mononito Goswami , Jieshi Chen , Artur Dubrawski

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding plays an important role in systematically classifying morbidity and mortality data. In this study, we propose a hierarchical label-wise attention Transformer model (HiLAT) for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Leibo Liu , Oscar Perez-Concha , Anthony Nguyen , Vicki Bennett , Louisa Jorm

This paper proposes a deep learning-based method to identify the segments of a clinical note corresponding to ICD-9 broad categories which are further color-coded with respect to 17 ICD-9 categories. The proposed Medical Segment Colorer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Maha Alkhairy

Clinical notes are assigned ICD codes - sets of codes for diagnoses and procedures. In the recent years, predictive machine learning models have been built for automatic ICD coding. However, there is a lack of widely accepted benchmarks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Kashyap , Stefan Winkler , Shao-Syuan Huang , Jie-Jyun Liu , Chih-Jen Lin

Clinical diagnosis, which aims to assign diagnosis codes for a patient based on the clinical note, plays an essential role in clinical decision-making. Considering that manual diagnosis could be error-prone and time-consuming, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Yichao Du , Pengfei Luo , Xudong Hong , Tong Xu , Zhe Zhang , Chao Ren , Yi Zheng , Enhong Chen

Clinical notes in electronic health records contain highly heterogeneous writing styles, including non-standard terminology or abbreviations. Using these notes in predictive modeling has traditionally required preprocessing (e.g. taking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Jonas Kemp , Alvin Rajkomar , Andrew M. Dai

Clinical notes contain unstructured text provided by clinicians during patient encounters. These notes are usually accompanied by a sequence of diagnostic codes following the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Correctly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Mohammad Mansoori , Amira Soliman , Farzaneh Etminani

Background and Objective: Code assignment is of paramount importance in many levels in modern hospitals, from ensuring accurate billing process to creating a valid record of patient care history. However, the coding process is tedious and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Jinmiao Huang , Cesar Osorio , Luke Wicent Sy

International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding procedure which refers to tagging medical notes with diagnosis codes has been shown to be effective and crucial to the billing system in medical sector. Currently, ICD codes are assigned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Biplob Biswas , Thai-Hoang Pham , Ping Zhang
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