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In a full QCD lattice study with $N_f = 2$ Wilson fermions, we seek to optimize the signals for the disconnected contributions to the matrix element of flavour-singlet operators between nucleon states, which are indicative for sea quark…

We study a noisy oscillator with pulse delayed feedback, theoretically and in an electronic experimental implementation. Without noise, this system has multiple stable periodic regimes. We consider two types of noise: i) phase noise acting…

Reproducibility of a noisy limit-cycle oscillator driven by a random piecewise constant signal is analyzed. By reducing the model to random phase maps, it is shown that the reproducibility of the limit cycle generally improves when the…

Whilst there are a plethora of algorithms for detecting changes in mean in univariate time-series, almost all struggle in real applications where there is autocorrelated noise or where the mean fluctuates locally between the abrupt changes…

We consider the problem of change-point estimation of the instantaneous phase of an observed time series. Such change points, or phase shifts, can be markers of information transfer in complex systems; their analysis occurring in geology,…

In classical information theory, both the form and performance of the optimal detector for additive noise channels can be precisely derived, based on the assumption that the channel noise follows a specific probability distribution or a…

Motivated by recent studies in human balance control, we study a delayed random walk with an unstable fixed point. It is observed that the random walker moves away from the unstable fixed point more slowly than is observed in the absence of…

The best possible precision is one of the key figures in metrology, but this is established by the exact response of the detection apparatus, which is often unknown. There exist techniques for detector characterisation, that have been…

We develop differential measurement protocols that circumvent the laser noise limit in the stability of optical clock comparisons by synchronous probing of two clocks using phase-locked local oscillators. This allows for probe times longer…

We introduce a new and quantitative theoretical framework for noise spectral analysis using a threshold detector, which is then applied to a superconducting device: the Cavity Bifurcation Amplifier (CBA). We show that this new framework…

Optical atomic clocks are the most accurate measurement devices ever constructed and have found many applications in fundamental science and technology. The use of highly charged ions (HCI) as a new class of references for highest accuracy…

We demonstrate state-of-the-art technique of an active clock to provide a continuous superradiant lasing signal using an ensemble of trapped Cs atoms in the optical lattice. A magic wavelength of the proposed |7S1/2; F = 4, MF = 0> -…

In standard quantum theory, time is not an observable. It enters as a parameter in the Schr\"odinger equation, but there is no measurement operator associated to it. Nevertheless, one may take an operational viewpoint and regard time as the…

Amplification is usually necessary when measuring the frequency instability of microwave signals. In this work, we develop a flicker noise free frequency measurement system based on a common or shared amplifier. First, we show that…

Many measurements on soft condensed matter (e.g., biological and materials) systems track low-dimensional observables projected from the full system phase space as a function of time. Examples are dynamic structure factors, spectroscopic…

This paper develops change-point methods for the spectrum of a locally stationary time series. We focus on series with a bounded spectral density that change smoothly under the null hypothesis but exhibits change-points or becomes less…

We consider the impact of stochastic perturbations on otherwise coherent oscillations of classical pulsators. The resulting dynamics are modelled by a driven damped harmonic oscillator subject to either an external or an internal forcing…

We study counting statistics of electric current pumped by pulses of an external field. The fluctuations depend on the pulse shape, and can be minimized by choosing the pulse shape properly. For an optimal pulse shape, the fluctuations are…

Small chemical sensors are subjected to adsorption-desorption fluctuations which usually considered as noise contaminating useful signal. Based on temporal properties of this noise, it is shown that it can be made useful if proper…

This paper presents a comparison of popular period finding algorithms applied to the light curves of variable stars from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS), MACHO and ASAS data sets. We analyze the accuracy of the methods…