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In this paper, we perform a minimalistic quantization of the classical game of tic-tac-toe, by allowing superpositions of classical moves. In order for the quantum game to reduce properly to the classical game, we require legal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 J. N. Leaw , S. A. Cheong

This paper studies sequential quantum games under the assumption that the moves of the players are drawn from groups and not just plain sets. The extra group structure makes possible to easily derive some very general results characterizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Theodore Andronikos

The emergence of quantum technologies is heating up the debate on quantum supremacy, usually focusing on the feasibility of looking good on paper algorithms in realistic settings, due to the vulnerability of quantum systems to myriad…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 Sinan Bugu , Fatih Ozaydin , Tetsuo Kodera

Quantum game theory is the study of strategic behavior by agents with access to quantum technology. Broadly speaking, this technology can be employed in either of two ways: As part of a randomization device or as part of a communications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-10-31 Steven E. Landsburg

Quantum Moves is a citizen science game that investigates the ability of humans to solve complex physics challenges that are intractable for computers. During the launch of Quantum Moves in April 2016 the game's leaderboard function broke…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-27 Mads Kock Pedersen , Nanna Ravn Rasmussen , Jacob F. Sherson , Rajiv Vaid Basaiawmoit

In the time since a merger of quantum mechanics and game theory was proposed formally in 1999, the two distinct perspectives apparent in this merger of applying quantum mechanics to game theory, referred to henceforth as the theory of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-06 Faisal Shah Khan , Simon J. D. Phoenix

For decades it is known that Quantum Computers might serve as a tool to solve a very specific kind of problems that have long thought to be incalculable. Some of those problems are of a combinatorial nature, with the quantum advantage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ulrich Armbrüster , Stefan Edelkamp , Gabriel Maresch , Erik Schulze

Game theory is a well established branch of mathematics whose formalism has a vast range of applications from the social sciences, biology, to economics. Motivated by quantum information science, there has been a leap in the formulation of…

We investigate the quantization of non-zero sum games. For the particular case of the Prisoners' Dilemma we show that this game ceases to pose a dilemma if quantum strategies are allowed for. We also construct a particular quantum strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 J. Eisert , M. Wilkens , M. Lewenstein

We examine the advantages that quantum strategies afford in communication-limited games. Inspired by the card game blackjack, we focus on cooperative, two-party sequential games in which a single classical bit of communication is allowed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-30 Joseph X. Lin , Joseph A. Formaggio , Aram W. Harrow , Anand V. Natarajan

Simple stochastic games are turn-based 2.5-player zero-sum graph games with a reachability objective. The problem is to compute the winning probability as well as the optimal strategies of both players. In this paper, we compare the three…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jan Kretinsky , Emanuel Ramneantu , Alexander Slivinskiy , Maximilian Weininger

Simple stochastic games are turn-based 2.5-player zero-sum graph games with a reachability objective. The problem is to compute the winning probability as well as the optimal strategies of both players. In this paper, we compare the three…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Jan Křetínský , Emanuel Ramneantu , Alexander Slivinskiy , Maximilian Weininger

The paper [S{\o}rensen et al., Nature 532] considers how human players compare to algorithms for solving the Quantum Moves game BringHomeWater and design new algorithms based on the intuition extracted from players. The claim by…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Allan Grønlund

We study the influence of Unruh effect on quantum non-zero sum games. In particular, we investigate the quantum Prisoners' Dilemma both for entangled and unentangled initial states and show that the acceleration of the noninertial frames…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-13 Salman Khan , M. K. Khan

Poker has become a popular pastime all over the world. At any given moment one can find tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of players playing poker via their computers on the major on-line gaming sites. Indeed, according to the Vancouver,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-13 Steven A. Bleiler

A protocol for considering decoherence in quantum games is presented. Results for two-player, two-strategy quantum games subject to decoherence are derived and some specific examples are given. Decoherence in other types of quantum games is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Adrian P. Flitney , Derek Abbott

Quantum strategies have been successfully applied to game theory for years. However, as a reverse problem of game theory, the theory of mechanism design is ignored by physicists. In this paper, the theory of mechanism design is generalized…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-13 Haoyang Wu

We characterize exact, and approximate, optimality of games that players can interact with using quantum strategies. In comparison to a previous work of the author, arXiv: 2311.12887, which applied a 2016 framework due to Ostrev for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Pete Rigas

We introduce quantum XOR games, a model of two-player one-round games that extends the model of XOR games by allowing the referee's questions to the players to be quantum states. We give examples showing that quantum XOR games exhibit a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-23 Oded Regev , Thomas Vidick

We develop a method for the transfer of perfect strategies between various classes of two-player, one round cooperative non-local games with quantum inputs and outputs using the simulation paradigm in quantum information theory. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Gage Hoefer