English
Related papers

Related papers: On the error of a priori sampling: zero forcing se…

200 papers

Zero forcing is a deterministic iterative graph colouring process in which vertices are coloured either blue or white, and in every round, any blue vertices that have a single white neighbour force these white vertices to become blue. Here…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-17 Natalie C. Behague , Trent Marbach , Pawel Pralat

Zero forcing is a propagation process on a graph, or digraph, defined in linear algebra to provide a bound for the minimum rank problem. Independently, zero forcing was introduced in physics, computer science and network science, areas…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-28 Daniela Ferrero , Thomas Kalinowski , Sudeep Stephen

Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process whereby a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to be colored. It is NP-hard to find a minimum zero forcing set - a smallest set of initially colored…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Boris Brimkov

Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process where at each discrete time step, a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to become colored. The zero forcing number of a graph is the cardinality of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Boris Brimkov , Caleb C. Fast , Illya V. Hicks

Probabilistic zero forcing is a coloring game played on a graph where the goal is to color every vertex blue starting with an initial blue vertex set. As long as the graph is connected, if at least one vertex is blue then eventually all of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-13 Shyam Narayanan , Alec Sun

Zero forcing is a one-player game played on a graph. The player chooses some set of vertices to color, then iteratively applies a color change rule: If all but one of a colored vertex's neighbors are colored, color (i.e. "force") the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Shannon Dillman , Franklin Kenter

Let $G$ be a simple, finite, and undirected graph with vertices each given an initial coloring of either blue or white. Zero forcing on graph $G$ is an iterative process of forcing its white vertices to become blue after a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Ma. Nerissa M. Abara , Prince Allan B. Pelayo

Zero forcing is a process on a graph in which the goal is to force all vertices to become blue by applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the number of vertices that are initially blue and the number of time steps…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Joshua Carlson

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set of vertices marked as filled, we consider a color-change rule known as zero forcing. A set $S$ is a zero forcing set if filling $S$ and applying all possible instances of the color change rule causes all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Eric Ufferman , Nicolas Swanson

The zero forcing number is the minimum number of black vertices that can turn a white graph black following a single neighbour colour forcing rule. The zero forcing number provides topological information about linear algebra on graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-10 Alexei Vazquez

We study the probabilistic zero forcing process, a probabilistic variant of the classical zero forcing process. We show that for every connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, there exists an initial set consisting of a single vertex such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Mehdi Jelassi , Julien Portier , Rik Sarkar

A dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ starts with an initial subset $S$ of colored vertices, with all remaining vertices being non-colored. At each discrete time interval, a colored vertex with exactly one non-colored neighbor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Randy Davila , Michael Henning

Probabilistic zero forcing is a graph coloring process in which blue vertices "infect" (color blue) white vertices with a probability proportional to the number of neighboring blue vertices. We introduce reversion probabilistic zero forcing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Zachary Brennan

The concept of zero forcing involves a dynamic coloring process by which blue vertices cause white vertices to become blue, with the goal of forcing the entire graph blue while choosing as few as possible vertices to be initially blue. Past…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Sara Anderton , Kanno Mizozoe , Houston Schuerger , Andrew Schwartz

Zero forcing can be described as a combinatorial game on a graph that uses a color change rule in which vertices change white vertices to blue. The throttling number of a graph minimizes the sum of the number of vertices initially colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Joshua Carlson , Juergen Kritschgau

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on graphs that can be used to model the spread of information with repeated applications of a color change rule. In general, a zero forcing parameter is the minimum number of initial blue vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Joshua Carlson , John Petrucci

The concept of zero forcing is extended from graphs to uniform hypergraphs in analogy with the way zero forcing was defined as an upper bound for the maximum nullity of the family of symmetric matrices whose nonzero pattern of entries is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-30 Leslie Hogben

For a graph $G$ in which vertices are either black or white, a zero forcing process is an iterative vertex color changing process such that the only white neighbor of a black vertex becomes black in the next time step. A zero forcing set is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Hau-Yi Lin , Wu-Hsiung Lin , Gerard Jennhwa Chang

A subset $S$ of initially infected vertices of a graph $G$ is called forcing if we can infect the entire graph by iteratively applying the following process. At each step, any infected vertex which has a unique uninfected neighbour, infects…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Thomas Kalinowski , Nina Kamčev , Benny Sudakov

The burning and forcing processes are both instances of propagation processes on graphs that are commonly used to model real-world spreading phenomena. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. We first establish a connection between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Aida Abiad , Pax Mallee