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The midlatitude climate and weather are shaped by storms, yet the factors governing their predictability remain insufficiently understood. Here, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict and quantify uncertainty in the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Wuqiushi Yao , Or Hadas , Yohai Kaspi

Complex numerical weather prediction models incorporate a variety of physical processes, each described by multiple alternative physical schemes with specific parameters. The selection of the physical schemes and the choice of the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Azam Moosavi , Vishwas Rao , Adrian Sandu

Time-dependent wave equations represent an important class of partial differential equations (PDE) for describing wave propagation phenomena, which are often formulated over unbounded domains. Given a compactly supported initial condition,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Changjian Xie , Jingrun Chen , Xiantao Li

Accurate ocean forecasting systems are vital for understanding marine dynamics, which play a crucial role in environmental management and climate adaptation strategies. Traditional numerical solvers, while effective, are computationally…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-21 Daniel Holmberg , Emanuela Clementi , Teemu Roos

This paper combines fisheries dependent data and environmental data to be used in a machine learning pipeline to predict the spatio-temporal abundance of two species (plaice and sole) commonly caught by the Belgian fishery in the North Sea.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Matthieu Ospici , Klaas Sys , Sophie Guegan-Marat

Global ocean forecasting aims to predict key ocean variables such as temperature, salinity, and currents, which is essential for understanding and describing oceanic phenomena. In recent years, data-driven deep learning-based ocean forecast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Haoming Jia , Yi Han , Xiang Wang , Huizan Wang , Wei Wu , Jianming Zheng , Peikun Xiao

Accurate short-term predictions of phase-resolved water wave conditions are crucial for decision-making in ocean engineering. However, the initialization of remote-sensing-based wave prediction models first requires a reconstruction of wave…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-11 Svenja Ehlers , Marco Klein , Alexander Heinlein , Mathies Wedler , Nicolas Desmars , Norbert Hoffmann , Merten Stender

Accurately quantifying air-sea fluxes is important for understanding air-sea interactions and improving coupled weather and climate systems. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to represent the highly variable nature of air-sea…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Jiarong Wu , Pavel Perezhogin , David John Gagne , Brandon Reichl , Aneesh C. Subramanian , Elizabeth Thompson , Laure Zanna

Significant wave height is one of the most important parameters characterizing ocean waves, and accurate numerical ocean wave forecasting is crucial for coastal protection and shipping. However, due to the randomness and nonlinearity of the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Wei Zhang , Yu Sun , Yapeng Wu , Junyu Dong , Xiaojiang Song , Zhiyi Gao , Renbo Pang , Boyu Guoan

We assess the value of machine learning as an accelerator for the parameterisation schemes of operational weather forecasting systems, specifically the parameterisation of non-orographic gravity wave drag. Emulators of this scheme can be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Matthew Chantry , Sam Hatfield , Peter Duben , Inna Polichtchouk , Tim Palmer

Wind speed retrieval at sea surface is of primary importance for scientific and operational applications. Besides weather models, in-situ measurements and remote sensing technologies, especially satellite sensors, provide complementary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Matteo Zambra , Dorian Cazau , Nicolas Farrugia , Alexandre Gensse , Sara Pensieri , Roberto Bozzano , Ronan Fablet

Global climate models parameterize a range of atmospheric-oceanic processes like gravity waves, clouds, moist convection, and turbulence that cannot be sufficiently resolved. These subgrid-scale closures for unresolved processes are a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Aman Gupta , Aditi Sheshadri , Sujit Roy , Johannes Schmude , Vishal Gaur , Wei Ji Leong , Manil Maskey , Rahul Ramachandran

Forecasting the weather is an increasingly data intensive exercise. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are becoming more complex, with higher resolutions, and there are increasing numbers of different models in operation. While the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-17 Charlie Kirkwood , Theo Economou , Henry Odbert , Nicolas Pugeault

Global climate models represent small-scale processes such as clouds and convection using quasi-empirical models known as parameterizations, and these parameterizations are a leading cause of uncertainty in climate projections. A promising…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-08-31 Janni Yuval , Paul A. O'Gorman

The occurrence of extreme (rogue) waves in the ocean is for the most part still shrouded in mystery, as the rare nature of these events makes them difficult to analyze with traditional methods. Modern data mining and machine learning…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-08-13 Dion Häfner , Johannes Gemmrich , Markus Jochum

Different machine learning (ML) models are trained on SCADA and meteorological data collected at an onshore wind farm and then assessed in terms of fidelity and accuracy for predictions of wind speed, turbulence intensity, and power capture…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-12-06 C. Moss , R. Maulik , G. V. Iungo

Source localization in ocean acoustics is posed as a machine learning problem in which data-driven methods learn source ranges directly from observed acoustic data. The pressure received by a vertical linear array is preprocessed by…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2017-09-08 Haiqiang Niu , Emma Reeves , Peter Gerstoft

The current explosion in machine learning for climate has led to skilled, computationally cheap emulators for the atmosphere. However, the research for ocean emulators remains nascent despite the large potential for accelerating coupled…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Adam Subel , Laure Zanna

Machine-learning (ML) models, such as the AIFS at the ECMWF, have revolutionised weather forecasting in recent years. We present an extension of the AIFS that jointly models the atmosphere and surface ocean, including ocean waves and sea…

Machine learning weather models trained on observed atmospheric conditions can outperform conventional physics-based models at short- to medium-range (1-14 day) forecast timescales. Here we take the machine learning weather model ACE2,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Chris Kent , Adam A. Scaife , Nick J. Dunstone , Doug Smith , Steven C. Hardiman , Tom Dunstan , Oliver Watt-Meyer