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How much does a machine learning algorithm leak about its training data, and why? Membership inference attacks are used as an auditing tool to quantify this leakage. In this paper, we present a comprehensive \textit{hypothesis testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jiayuan Ye , Aadyaa Maddi , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Vincent Bindschaedler , Reza Shokri

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

Learning useful representations from unstructured data is one of the core challenges, as well as a driving force, of modern data-driven approaches. Deep learning has demonstrated the broad advantages of learning and harnessing such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Dario Pasquini , Ankit Gangwal , Giuseppe Ateniese , Massimo Bernaschi , Mauro Conti

The last decade has seen a rise of Deep Learning with its applications ranging across diverse domains. But usually, the datasets used to drive these systems contain data which is highly confidential and sensitive. Though, Deep Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Vishal Jignesh Gandhi , Sanchit Shokeen , Saloni Koshti

Research shows that phishing emails often utilize persuasion techniques, such as social proof, liking, consistency, authority, scarcity, and reciprocity to gain trust to obtain sensitive information or maliciously infect devices. The link…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kalam Khadka , Abu Barkat Ullah , Wanli Ma , Elisa Martinez Marroquin

Previous studies show that information security breaches and privacy violations are important issues for organisations and people. It is acknowledged that decreasing the risk in this domain requires consideration of the technological…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Nader Sohrabi Safa , Carsten Maple , Steve Furnell , Muhammad Ajmal Azad , Charith Perera , Mohammad Dabbagh , Mehdi Sookhak

Solving cybersecurity issues requires a holistic understanding of components, factors, structures and their interactions in cyberspace, but conventional modeling approaches view the field of cybersecurity by their boundaries so that we are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Dingyu Yan

Privacy policies are long and complex documents that are difficult for users to read and understand, and yet, they have legal effects on how user data is collected, managed and used. Ideally, we would like to empower users to inform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Abhilasha Ravichander , Alan W Black , Shomir Wilson , Thomas Norton , Norman Sadeh

The increasing reliance on digital information necessitates advancements in conversational search systems, particularly in terms of information transparency. While prior research in conversational information-seeking has concentrated on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Weronika Łajewska , Damiano Spina , Johanne Trippas , Krisztian Balog

Customer loyalty is crucial for internet services since retaining users of a service to ensure the staying time of the service is of significance for increasing revenue. It demands the retention of customers to be high enough to meet the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Junhua Chen , Wei Zeng , Ge Fan , Junmin Shao

In previous work, we presented a novel information-theoretic privacy criterion for query forgery in the domain of information retrieval. Our criterion measured privacy risk as a divergence between the user's and the population's query…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 David Rebollo-Monedero , Javier Parra-Arnau , Jordi Forné

Many cybersecurity breaches occur due to users not following good cybersecurity practices, chief among them being regulations for applying software patches to operating systems, updating applications, and maintaining strong passwords. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Nirav Ajmeri , Shubham Goyal , Munindar P. Singh

This paper attempts to strengthen the pursued research on social engineering (SE) threat identification, and control, by means of the author's illustrated classification, which includes attack types, determining the degree of possible harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-25 V. Y. Sokolov , O. Y. Korzhenko

Traditional security analyses are often geared towards cryptographic primitives or protocols. Although such analyses are necessary, they cannot address a defender's need for insight into {\em which aspects of a networked system having a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Xiaohu Li , Paul Parker , Shouhuai Xu

Backdoor attack is a severe threat to the trustworthiness of DNN-based language models. In this paper, we first extend the definition of memorization of language models from sample-wise to more fine-grained sentence element-wise (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhenting Wang , Zhizhi Wang , Mingyu Jin , Mengnan Du , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Large-scale password data breaches are becoming increasingly commonplace, which has enabled researchers to produce a substantial body of password security research utilising real-world password datasets, which often contain numbers of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Saul Johnson , João Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Julien Cordry

Modeling and analyzing security of networked systems is an important problem in the emerging Science of Security and has been under active investigation. In this paper, we propose a new approach towards tackling the problem. Our approach is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Gaofeng Da , Maochao Xu , Shouhuai Xu

Demand for smartwatches has taken off in recent years with new models which can run independently from smartphones and provide more useful features, becoming first-class mobile platforms. One can access online banking or even make payments…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Chris Xiaoxuan Lu , Bowen Du , Hongkai Wen , Sen Wang , Andrew Markham , Ivan Martinovic , Yiran Shen , Niki Trigoni

Recent years have witnessed the fast advance of security research for networked dynamical system (NDS). Considering the latest inference attacks that enable stealthy and precise attacks into NDSs with observation-based learning, this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-10 Jianping He , Yushan Li , Lin Cai , Xinping Guan

For humans and computers, the first step in answering an open-domain question is retrieving a set of relevant documents from a large corpus. However, the strategies that computers use fundamentally differ from those of humans. To better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Wanrong He , Andrew Mao , Jordan Boyd-Graber