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A tanglegram of size n is a graph formed from two rooted binary trees with n leaves each and a perfect matching between their leaf sets. Tanglegrams are used to model co-evolution in various settings. A tanglegram layout is a straight line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Éva Czabarka , Alec Helm , László Székely

A tanglegram $\cal T$ consists of two rooted binary trees with the same number of leaves, and a perfect matching between the two leaf sets. In a layout, the tanglegrams is drawn with the leaves on two parallel lines, the trees on either…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Éva Czabarka , Junsheng Liu , László A. Székely

Tanglegrams are drawings of two rooted binary phylogenetic trees and a matching between their leaf sets. The trees are drawn crossing-free on opposite sides with their leaf sets facing each other on two vertical lines. Instead of minimizing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Alexander Dobler , Martin Nöllenburg

A binary tanglegram is a pair <S,T> of binary trees whose leaf sets are in one-to-one correspondence; matching leaves are connected by inter-tree edges. For applications, for example in phylogenetics or software engineering, it is required…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-15 Martin Nöllenburg , Danny Holten , Markus Völker , Alexander Wolff

Tanglegrams are a special class of graphs appearing in applications concerning cospeciation and coevolution in biology and computer science. They are formed by identifying the leaves of two rooted binary trees. We give an explicit formula…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-20 Sara Billey , Matjaž Konvalinka , Frederick A Matsen

A tanglegram consists of two rooted binary trees with the same number of leaves and a perfect matching between the leaves of the trees. Given a size-$n$ tanglegram, i.e., a tanglegram for two trees with $n$ leaves, a multiset of induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-18 Ann Clifton , Eva Czabarka , Kevin Liu , Sarah Loeb , Utku Okur , Laszlo Szekely , Kristina Wicke

A \emph{binary tanglegram} is a drawing of a pair of rooted binary trees whose leaf sets are in one-to-one correspondence; matching leaves are connected by inter-tree edges. For applications, for example, in phylogenetics, it is essential…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-09-17 Kevin Buchin , Maike Buchin , Jaroslaw Byrka , Martin Nöllenburg , Yoshio Okamoto , Rodrigo I. Silveira , Alexander Wolff

A tanglegram consists of two binary rooted trees with the same number of leaves and a perfect matching between the leaves of the trees. We show that the two halves of a random tanglegram essentially look like two independently chosen random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-08 Matjaž Konvalinka , Stephan Wagner

Tanglegrams are formed by taking two rooted binary trees $T$ and $S$ with the same number of leaves and uniquely matching each leaf in $T$ with a leaf in $S$. They are usually represented using layouts, which embed the trees and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Kevin Liu

A tanglegram is a pair of binary trees with the same set of leaves. Unlabeled tanglegrams were counted recently by Billey, Konvalinka, and Matsen, who also proposed the problem of counting several variations of unlabeled tanglegrams…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Ira M. Gessel

A tanglegram consists of two rooted binary trees and a perfect matching between their leaves, and a planar tanglegram is one that admits a layout with no crossings. We show that the problem of generating planar tanglegrams uniformly at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Alexander E. Black , Kevin Liu , Alex Mcdonough , Garrett Nelson , Michael C. Wigal , Mei Yin , Youngho Yoo

A tanglegram consists of two rooted binary plane trees with the same number of leaves and a perfect matching between the two leaf sets. Tanglegrams are drawn with the leaves on two parallel lines, the trees on either side of the strip…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-02 Eva Czabarka , Laszlo A. Szekely , Stephan Wagner

Many discrete mathematics problems in phylogenetics are defined in terms of the relative labeling of pairs of leaf-labeled trees. These relative labelings are naturally formalized as tanglegrams, which have previously been an object of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-07-20 Frederick A Matsen , Sara Billey , Arnold Kas , Matjaž Konvalinka

We study the algorithmic aspect of edge bundling. A bundled crossing in a drawing of a graph is a group of crossings between two sets of parallel edges. The bundled crossing number is the minimum number of bundled crossings that group all…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-09-02 Md. Jawaherul Alam , Martin Fink , Sergey Pupyrev

A tangled-diagram over $[n]=\{1,...,n\}$ is a graph of degree less than two whose vertices $1,...,n$ are arranged in a horizontal line and whose arcs are drawn in the upper halfplane with a particular notion of crossings and nestings.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-10 William Y. C. Chen , Jing Qin , Christian M. Reidys

The crossing number is the smallest number of pairwise edge-crossings when drawing a graph into the plane. There are only very few graph classes for which the exact crossing number is known or for which there at least exist constant…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Therese Biedl , Markus Chimani , Martin Derka , Petra Mutzel

Tree decompositions of graphs are of fundamental importance in structural and algorithmic graph theory. Planar decompositions generalise tree decompositions by allowing an arbitrary planar graph to index the decomposition. We prove that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-13 David R. Wood , Jan Arne Telle

The crossing number of a graph is the minimum number of crossings over all of its drawings on the plane. The Crossing Lemma, proved more than 40 years ago, is a tight lower bound on the crossing number of a graph in terms of the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Geza Toth

In analogy to other concepts of a similar nature, we define the inducibility of a rooted binary tree. Given a fixed rooted binary tree $B$ with $k$ leaves, we let $\gamma(B,T)$ be the proportion of all subsets of $k$ leaves in $T$ that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-27 Éva Czabarka , László A. Székely , Stephan Wagner

Packing graphs is a combinatorial problem where several given graphs are being mapped into a common host graph such that every edge is used at most once. In the planar tree packing problem we are given two trees T1 and T2 on n vertices and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-03-28 Markus Geyer , Michael Hoffmann , Michael Kaufmann , Vincent Kusters , Csaba D. Tóth
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