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We identify a trade-off between robustness and accuracy that serves as a guiding principle in the design of defenses against adversarial examples. Although this problem has been widely studied empirically, much remains unknown concerning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Hongyang Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Jiantao Jiao , Eric P. Xing , Laurent El Ghaoui , Michael I. Jordan

As machine learning is increasingly used to inform consequential decision-making (e.g., pre-trial bail and loan approval), it becomes important to explain how the system arrived at its decision, and also suggest actions to achieve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Isabel Valera

Two different approaches to dealing with probabilistic knowledge are examined -models and inductive inference. Examples of the first are: influence diagrams [1], Bayesian networks [2], log-linear models [3, 4]. Examples of the second are:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Norman C. Dalkey

Most of the stochastic orders for comparing random variables, considered in the literature, are afflicted with two main drawbacks: (i) lack of connex property and (ii) lack of consideration of any dependence structure between the random…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-03 Sugata Ghosh , Asok K. Nanda

In this paper, we introduce a new defeasible version of propositional standpoint logic by integrating Kraus et al.'s defeasible conditionals, Britz and Varzinczak's notions of defeasible necessity and distinct possibility, along with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Nicholas Leisegang , Thomas Meyer , Ivan Varzinczak

We introduce advocacy learning, a novel supervised training scheme for attention-based classification problems. Advocacy learning relies on a framework consisting of two connected networks: 1) $N$ Advocates (one for each class), each of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Ian Fox , Jenna Wiens

Strong empirical evidence from laboratory experiments, and more recently from population surveys, shows that individuals, when evaluating their situations, pay attention to whether they experience gains or losses, with losses weighing more…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-17 Martyna Kobus , Radosław Kurek , Thomas Parker

In this work, we broaden the investigation of admissibility notions in the context of assumption-based argumentation (ABA). More specifically, we study two prominent alternatives to the standard notion of admissibility from abstract…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Matti Berthold , Lydia Blümel , Anna Rapberger

We examine counterfactual explanations for explaining the decisions made by model-based AI systems. The counterfactual approach we consider defines an explanation as a set of the system's data inputs that causally drives the decision (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Carlos Fernández-Loría , Foster Provost , Xintian Han

We extend description logics (DLs) with non-monotonic reasoning features. We start by investigating a notion of defeasible subsumption in the spirit of defeasible conditionals as studied by Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor in the propositional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Katarina Britz , Giovanni Casini , Thomas Meyer , Kody Moodley , Uli Sattler , Ivan Varzinczak

We develop models to classify desirable reasoning revisions in argumentative writing. We explore two approaches -- multi-task learning and transfer learning -- to take advantage of auxiliary sources of revision data for similar tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Tazin Afrin , Diane Litman

Decision-making is a cognitively intensive task that requires synthesizing relevant information from multiple unstructured sources, weighing competing factors, and incorporating subjective user preferences. Existing methods, including large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Akriti Jain , Anish Mulay , Divyansh Verma , Aishani Pandey , Pritika Ramu , Aparna Garimella

Plausible reasoning concerns situations whose inherent lack of precision is not quantified; that is, there are no degrees or levels of precision, and hence no use of numbers like probabilities. A hopefully comprehensive set of principles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-05 David Billington

Who should we prioritize for intervention when we cannot estimate intervention effects? In many applied domains (e.g., advertising, customer retention, and behavioral nudging) prioritization is guided by predictive models that estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Carlos Fernández-Loría , Jorge Loría

Contrastive explanations, where one decision is explained in contrast to another, are supposed to be closer to how humans explain a decision than non-contrastive explanations, where the decision is not necessarily referenced to an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Oliver Eberle , Ilias Chalkidis , Laura Cabello , Stephanie Brandl

This paper presents an axiomatic approach to finite Markov decision processes where the discount rate is zero. One of the principal difficulties in the no discounting case is that, even if attention is restricted to stationary policies, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-23 Adam Jonsson

Adversarial training aims to defend against adversaries: malicious opponents whose sole aim is to harm predictive performance in any way possible. This presents a rather harsh perspective, which we assert results in unnecessarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Maayan Ehrenberg , Roy Ganz , Nir Rosenfeld

Inferring from inconsistency and making decisions are two problems which have always been treated separately by researchers in Artificial Intelligence. Consequently, different models have been proposed for each category. Different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Leila Amgoud

This paper explores the space of (propositional) probabilistic logical languages, ranging from a purely `qualitative' comparative language to a highly `quantitative' language involving arbitrary polynomials over probability terms. While…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Duligur Ibeling , Thomas Icard , Krzysztof Mierzewski , Milan Mossé

We compare games under delayed control and delay games, two types of infinite games modelling asynchronicity in reactive synthesis. Our main result, the interreducibility of the existence of sure winning strategies for the protagonist,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Martin Fränzle , Sarah Winter , Martin Zimmermann