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A pedagogical introduction is given to the quantum mechanics of closed systems, most generally the universe as a whole. Quantum mechanics aims at predicting the probabilities of alternative coarse-grained time histories of a closed system.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-15 James B. Hartle

Many theories are formulated as constrained systems. We provide a mechanism that explains the origin of physical states of a constrained system by a process of selection of noiseless subsystems when the system is coupled to an external…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Tomasz Konopka , Fotini Markopoulou

These notes review a description of quantum mechanics in terms of the topology of spaces, basing on the axioms of Topological Quantum Field Theory and path integral formalism. In this description quantum states and operators are encoded by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Dmitry Melnikov

Basing on the analogy between the coherent states of light and separable states of $N$ bosons, we demonstrate that the violation Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for any-order correlation function signals the entanglement among the constituent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-24 T. Wasak , P. Szankowski , M. Trippenbach , J. Chwedenczuk

The question about the existence of so-called ``hidden'' variables in quantum mechanics and the perception of the completeness of quantum mechanics are two sides of the same coin. Quantum analytical mechanics constitutes a completion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Wolfgang Paul

The open-system dynamics of entanglement plays an important role in the assessment of the robustness of quantum information processes and also in the investigation of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. Here we show that, subjacent to…

The verification and quantification of experimentally created entanglement by simple measurements, especially between distant particles, is an important basic task in quantum processing. When composite systems are subjected to local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 K. M. R. Audenaert , M. B. Plenio

We study correlations of observables in energy eigenstates of chaotic systems of a large size $N$. We show that the bipartite entanglement of two subsystems is quite strong, whereas macroscopic entanglement of the total system is absent. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Ayumu Sugita , Akira Shimizu

From the ancient Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox to the recent Sorkin-type impossible measurements problem, the contradictions between relativistic causality, quantum non-locality, and quantum measurement have persisted. Based on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Kaixun Tu , Qing Wang

Many fundamental and key objects in quantum mechanics are linear mappings between particular affine/linear spaces. This structure includes basic quantum elements such as states, measurements, channels, instruments, non-signalling channels…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Simon Milz , Marco Túlio Quintino

Topology is key in describing unconventional quantum phases of matter and devising robust quantum technology. Exactly how topology mixes with quantum mechanics remains largely unclear, as testified by the lack of a unifying microscopic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Eugenio DelRe , Paolo Di Porto

We show that quantum indefinite causal structure generically reduce two-party correlations. For significant indefiniteness in the causal structure captured by some general conditions, the correlation is shown to be reduced down to zero. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-07 Ding Jia

Using the fact that any linear representation of a group can be embedded into permutations, we propose a constructive description of quantum behavior that provides, in particular, a natural explanation of the appearance of complex numbers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-24 Vladimir V. Kornyak

Efficient characterization of highly entangled multi-particle systems is an outstanding challenge in quantum science. Recent developments have shown that a modest number of randomized measurements suffices to learn many properties of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Katherine Van Kirk , Jordan Cotler , Hsin-Yuan Huang , Mikhail D. Lukin

The outcomes of measurements on entangled quantum systems can be nonlocally correlated. However, while it is easy to write down toy theories allowing arbitrary nonlocal correlations, those allowed in quantum mechanics are limited. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Peter Janotta , Christian Gogolin , Jonathan Barrett , Nicolas Brunner

In the tradition of toy models of quantum mechanics in vector spaces over finite fields (e.g., Schumacher and Westmoreland's "modal quantum theory"), one finite field stands out, 2, since vectors over 2 have an interpretation as natural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-31 David Ellerman

We present a generic model of (non-destructive) quantum measurement. Being formulated within reversible quantum mechanics, the model illustrates a mechanism of a measurement process --- a transition of the measured system to an eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-06 Karl-Erik Eriksson , Martin Cederwall , Kristian Lindgren , Erik Sjöqvist

A new realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is introduced. Quantum systems are shown to have two kinds of properties: the usual ones described by values of quantum observables, which are called extrinsic, and those that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 P. Hajicek , J. Tolar

The accurate description of the interaction of a quantum system with a its environment is a challenging problem ubiquitous across all areas of physics, and lies at the foundation of quantum mechanics theory. Here we pioneer a new strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-21 Hideaki Takahashi , Raffaele Borrelli

Although the present paper looks upon the formal apparatus of quantum mechanics as a calculus of correlations, it goes beyond a purely operationalist interpretation. Having established the consistency of the correlations with the existence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-02 Ulrich Mohrhoff