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We explore the rigidity of generic frameworks in 3-dimensions whose underlying graph is close to being planar. Specifically we consider apex graphs, edge-apex graphs and their variants and prove independence results in the generic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger , Eleftherios Kastis , Anthony Nixon , Brigitte Servatius

Motivated by constraint-based CAD software, we develop the foundation for the rigidity theory of a very general model: the body-and-cad structure, composed of rigid bodies in 3D constrained by pairwise coincidence, angular and distance…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-06-08 Kirk Haller , Audrey Lee-St. John , Meera Sitharam , Ileana Streinu , Neil White

This paper establishes combinatorial characterisations of forced-symmetric and forced-periodic rigidity (under a fixed lattice) of bar-joint frameworks in non-Euclidean normed planes. In $\ell_q$-planes for $q\in(1,\infty)\backslash\{2\}$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Jack Esson , Eleftherios Kastis , Bernd Schulze

A configuration p in r-dimensional Euclidean space is a finite collection of labeled points p^1,p^2,...,p^n in R^r that affinely span R^r. Each configuration p defines a Euclidean distance matrix D_p = (d_ij) = (||p^i-p^j||^2), where ||.||…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2012-01-17 A. Y. Alfakih

Many concrete problems are formulated in terms of a finite set of points in $R^n$ which, via the ambient Euclidean metric, becomes a finite metric space. To obtain information from such a space, it is often useful to associate a graph to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-06 Juan M. Alonso

Rigidity is the property of a structure that does not flex. It is well studied in discrete geometry and mechanics, and has applications in material science, engineering and biological sciences. A bar-and-joint framework is a pair $(G,p)$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Sebastian M. Cioabă , Sean Dewar , Xiaofeng Gu

A framework is a graph and a map from its vertices to E^d (for some d). A framework is universally rigid if any framework in any dimension with the same graph and edge lengths is a Euclidean image of it. We show that a generic universally…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Steven J. Gortler , Dylan P. Thurston

The mathematical theory of rigidity of body-bar and body-hinge frameworks provides a useful tool for analyzing the rigidity and flexibility of many articulated structures appearing in engineering, robotics and biochemistry. In this paper we…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-02-04 Bernd Schulze , Shin-ichi Tanigawa

We use a new coloured multi-graph constructive method to prove that every 2-tree decomposition can be realised in the plane as a bar-joint framework which is minimally rigid (isostatic) with respect to $\ell^1$ or $\ell^\infty$ distance…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-07-04 K. Clinch , D. Kitson

Combinatorial rigidity theory seeks to describe the rigidity or flexibility of bar-joint frameworks in R^d in terms of the structure of the underlying graph G. The goal of this article is to broaden the foundations of combinatorial rigidity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-05 Mike Develin , Jeremy L. Martin , Victor Reiner

For plane frameworks with reflection or rotational symmetries, where the group action is not necessarily free on the vertex set, we introduce a phase-symmetric orbit rigidity matrix for each irreducible representation of the group. We then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-19 Alison La Porta , Bernd Schulze

We study the rigidity of body-and-cad frameworks which capture the majority of the geometric constraints used in 3D mechanical engineering CAD software. We present a combinatorial characterization of the generic minimal rigidity of a subset…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Audrey Lee-St. John , Jessica Sidman

We extend the mathematical theory of rigidity of frameworks (graphs embedded in $d$-dimensional space) to consider nonlocal rigidity and flexibility properties. We provide conditions on a framework under which (I) as the framework flexes…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Miranda Holmes-Cerfon , Louis Theran , Steven J. Gortler

A bar-joint framework $(G,p)$ in a (non-Euclidean) real normed plane $X$ is the combination of a finite, simple graph $G$ and a placement $p$ of the vertices in $X$. A framework $(G,p)$ is globally rigid in $X$ if every other framework…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Sean Dewar , Anthony Nixon

We define periodic frameworks as graphs on the torus, using the language of gain graphs. We present some fundamental definitions and results about the infinitesimal rigidity of graphs on a torus of fixed size and shape, and find necessary…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-01 Elissa Ross

A number of recent papers have studied when symmetry causes frameworks on a graph to become infinitesimally flexible, or stressed, and when it has no impact. A number of other recent papers have studied special classes of frameworks on…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-07 Bernd Schulze , Walter Whiteley

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the infinitesimal rigidity of braced grids in the plane with respect to non-Euclidean norms. Component rectangles of the grid may carry 0, 1 or 2 diagonal braces, and the combinatorial…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-24 Stephen Power

A bar-joint framework $(G,p)$ is the combination of a finite simple graph $G=(V,E)$ and a placement $p:V\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^d$. The framework is rigid if the only edge-length preserving continuous deformations of the vertices arise from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-18 Anthony Nixon , Bernd Schulze , Joseph Wall

A 2-dimensional framework is a straight line realisation of a graph in the Euclidean plane. It is radically solvable if the set of vertex coordinates is contained in a radical extension of the field of rationals extended by the squared edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-09 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

We give a combinatorial characterization of generic minimal rigidity for planar periodic frameworks. The characterization is a true analogue of the Maxwell-Laman Theorem from rigidity theory: it is stated in terms of a finite combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-24 Justin Malestein , Louis Theran