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Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a powerful technique for analyzing regularly-sampled data, i.e., data that can be stored in a matrix. For audio, this has led to numerous applications using time-frequency (TF) representations like…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Krishna Subramani , Paris Smaragdis , Takuya Higuchi , Mehrez Souden

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used technique for data representation. Inspired by the expressive power of deep learning, several NMF variants equipped with deep architectures have been proposed. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yuning Qiu , Guoxu Zhou , Kan Xie

In this letter, we propose a new identification criterion that guarantees the recovery of the low-rank latent factors in the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) model, under mild conditions. Specifically, using the proposed criterion, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Xiao Fu , Kejun Huang , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos

In this paper we explore avenues for improving the reliability of dimensionality reduction methods such as Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) as interpretive exploratory data analysis tools. We first explore the difficulties of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-04-22 Nikolaos Vasiloglou , Alexander G. Gray , David V. Anderson

The separability assumption (Donoho & Stodden, 2003; Arora et al., 2012) turns non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) into a tractable problem. Recently, a new class of provably-correct NMF algorithms have emerged under this assumption. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-10-04 Abhishek Kumar , Vikas Sindhwani , Prabhanjan Kambadur

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) decompose non-negative high-dimensional data into non-negative low-rank components. NMF and NTF methods are popular for their intrinsic interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Alexander Sietsema , Zerrin Vural , James Chapman , Yotam Yaniv , Deanna Needell

This paper introduces an algorithm for the nonnegative matrix factorization-and-completion problem, which aims to find nonnegative low-rank matrices X and Y so that the product XY approximates a nonnegative data matrix M whose elements are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Yangyang Xu , Wotao Yin , Zaiwen Wen , Yin Zhang

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is an emerging technique with a wide spectrum of potential applications in data analysis. Mathematically, NMF can be formulated as a minimization problem with nonnegative constraints. This problem is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Tran Dang Hien , Do Van Tuan , Pham Van At

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular data embedding technique. Given a nonnegative data matrix $X$, it aims at finding two lower dimensional matrices, $W$ and $H$, such that $X\approx WH$, where the factors $W$ and $H$ are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Olivier Vu Thanh , Nicolas Gillis

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a common method for generating topic models from text data. NMF is widely accepted for producing good results despite its relative simplicity of implementation and ease of computation. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Brendan Gavin , Vijay Gadepally , Jeremy Kepner

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and interpretable analysis, but standard formulations are unsupervised and cannot directly exploit class labels. Existing supervised or semi-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kenichi Satoh

This paper provides a theoretical support for clustering aspect of the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). By utilizing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, we show that NMF objective is equivalent to graph clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-12-20 Andri Mirzal

Hyperspectral unmixing has been an important technique that estimates a set of endmembers and their corresponding abundances from a hyperspectral image (HSI). Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) plays an increasingly significant role in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Xin-Ru Feng , Heng-Chao Li , Rui Wang , Qian Du , Xiuping Jia , Antonio Plaza

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been continuously evolving in several areas like pattern recognition and information retrieval methods. It factorizes a matrix into a product of 2 low-rank non-negative matrices that will define…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-04-04 Jing-Yan Wang , Mustafa AbdulJabbar

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has proved effective in many clustering and classification tasks. The classic ways to measure the errors between the original and the reconstructed matrix are $l_2$ distance or Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-05-12 Le Li , Jianjun Yang , Kaili Zhao , Yang Xu , Honggang Zhang , Zhuoyi Fan

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a matrix decomposition problem with applications in unsupervised learning. The general form of this problem (along with many of its variants) is NP-hard in nature. In our work, we explore how this…

This article introduces quaternion non-negative matrix factorization (QNMF), which generalizes the usual non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to the case of polarized signals. Polarization information is represented by Stokes parameters,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Julien Flamant , Sebastian Miron , David Brie

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is one of the most popular techniques for data representation and clustering, and has been widely used in machine learning and data analysis. NMF concentrates the features of each sample into a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-26 Mulin Chen , Maoguo Gong , Xuelong Li

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been actively investigated and used in a wide range of problems in the past decade. A significant amount of attention has been given to develop NMF algorithms that are suitable to model time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Nasser Mohammadiha , Paris Smaragdis , Ghazaleh Panahandeh , Simon Doclo

Lee and Seung (2000) introduced numerical solutions for non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) using iterative multiplicative update algorithms. These algorithms have been actively utilized as dimensionality reduction tools for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-23 Sungjae Cho
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