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Over the past decade Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) have emerged as one of the popular architectures to emulate the brain. In SNN, information is temporally encoded and communication between neurons is accomplished by means of spikes. In…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Abhronil Sengupta , Aparajita Banerjee , Kaushik Roy

In the field of image recognition, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have achieved performance comparable to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs). In such applications, SNNs essentially function as traditional neural networks with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Enqi Zhang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient counterparts of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with high biological plausibility, as information is transmitted through temporal spiking patterns. The core element of an SNN is the spiking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Kevin Vu , Yu Bi

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based inference on battery-powered devices can be made more energy-efficient by restricting the synaptic weights to be binary, hence eliminating the need to perform multiplications. An alternative, emerging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the current state-of-the-art models in many speech related tasks. There is a growing interest, though, for more biologically realistic, hardware friendly and energy efficient models, named Spiking Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Thomas Pellegrini , Romain Zimmer , Timothée Masquelier

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a promising alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, since they provide higher computational efficiency due to event-driven information processing. SNNs distribute the analog values of pixel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Isha Garg , Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are powerful models of spatiotemporal computation and are well suited for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices and neuromorphic hardware due to their low power consumption. Leveraging attention…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Boxun Xu , Junyoung Hwang , Pruek Vanna-iampikul , Sung Kyu Lim , Peng Li

Bio-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs), operating with asynchronous binary signals (or spikes) distributed over time, can potentially lead to greater computational efficiency on event-driven hardware. The state-of-the-art SNNs suffer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Nitin Rathi , Kaushik Roy

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been used in reinforcement learning (RL) due to their low power consumption and event-driven features. However, spiking reinforcement learning (SRL), which suffers from fixed coding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Lang Qin , Rui Yan , Huajin Tang

For the gradient computation across the time domain in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) training, two different approaches have been independently studied. The first is to compute the gradients with respect to the change in spike activation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Jinseok Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Spiking neural networks have gained significant attention due to their brain-like information processing capabilities. The use of surrogate gradients has made it possible to train spiking neural networks with backpropagation, leading to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Dongcheng Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yiting Dong , Yang Li , Yi Zeng

In this paper, we propose a unifying message-passing framework for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) using Expectation-Propagation. Our gradient-free method is capable of learning the marginal distributions of network parameters and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Dan Yao , Steve McLaughlin , Yoann Altmann

The success of deep learning in the past decade is partially shrouded in the shadow of adversarial attacks. In contrast, the brain is far more robust at complex cognitive tasks. Utilizing the advantage that neurons in the brain communicate…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-12 Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang , Jian K. Liu

The emergence of brain-inspired neuromorphic computing as a paradigm for edge AI is motivating the search for high-performance and efficient spiking neural networks to run on this hardware. However, compared to classical neural networks in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Bojian Yin , Federico Corradi , Sander M. Bohté

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising brain-inspired energy-efficient models. Recent progress in training methods has enabled successful deep SNNs on large-scale tasks with low latency. Particularly, backpropagation through time…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Mingqing Xiao , Qingyan Meng , Zongpeng Zhang , Di He , Zhouchen Lin

In this work, we explore a new Spiking Neural Network (SNN) formulation with Resonate-and-Fire (RAF) neurons (Izhikevich, 2001) trained with gradient descent via back-propagation. The RAF-SNN, while more biologically plausible, achieves…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Badr AlKhamissi , Muhammad ElNokrashy , David Bernal-Casas

Inspired by the brain's information processing using binary spikes, spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer significant reductions in energy consumption and are more adept at incorporating multi-scale biological characteristics. In SNNs,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yinqian Sun , Feifei Zhao , Zhuoya Zhao , Yi Zeng

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising research direction for building power-efficient information processing systems, especially for temporal tasks such as speech recognition. In SNNs, delays refer to the time needed for one spike…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ilyass Hammouamri , Ismail Khalfaoui-Hassani , Timothée Masquelier

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). SNNs are based on a more biologically inspired approach than usual artificial neural networks. Such models are characterized by complex dynamics between neurons and spikes. These are very sensitive to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Thomas Firmin , Pierre Boulet , El-Ghazali Talbi