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Machine learning (ML) has seen significant growth in both popularity and importance. The high prediction accuracy of ML models is often achieved through complex black-box architectures that are difficult to interpret. This interpretability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-29 David Köhler , David Rügamer , Matthias Schmid

By their nature, the composition of black box models is opaque. This makes the ability to generate explanations for the response to stimuli challenging. The importance of explaining black box models has become increasingly important given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Görkem Paçacı , David Johnson , Steve McKeever , Andreas Hamfelt

Indecipherable black boxes are common in machine learning (ML), but applications increasingly require explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The core of XAI is to establish transparent and interpretable data-driven algorithms. This work…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Howard Heaton , Samy Wu Fung

Matrix completion is one of the key problems in signal processing and machine learning. In recent years, deep-learning-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in matrix completion. Nevertheless, they suffer from two drawbacks:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Duc Minh Nguyen , Evaggelia Tsiligianni , Nikos Deligiannis

We introduce a new model-agnostic explanation technique which explains the prediction of any classifier called CLE. CLE gives an faithful and interpretable explanation to the prediction, by approximating the model locally using an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Zijian Zhang , Fan Yang , Haofan Wang , Xia Hu

When we deploy machine learning models in high-stakes medical settings, we must ensure these models make accurate predictions that are consistent with known medical science. Inherently interpretable networks address this need by explaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Alina Jade Barnett , Fides Regina Schwartz , Chaofan Tao , Chaofan Chen , Yinhao Ren , Joseph Y. Lo , Cynthia Rudin

The vast majority of research on explainability focuses on post-explainability rather than explainable modeling. Namely, an explanation model is derived to explain a complex black box model built with the sole purpose of achieving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Gabriel Terejanu , Jawad Chowdhury , Rezaur Rashid , Asif Chowdhury

Humans have the innate capability to answer diverse questions, which is rooted in the natural ability to correlate different concepts based on their semantic relationships and decompose difficult problems into sub-tasks. On the contrary,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Shi Chen , Qi Zhao

Explainability remains a critical challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly in high stakes domains such as healthcare, finance, and decision support, where users must understand and trust automated reasoning.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Rukshani Somarathna , Madhawa Perera , Tom Gedeon , Matt Adcock

Automatic legal text classification systems have been proposed in the literature to address knowledge extraction from judgments and detect their aspects. However, most of these systems are black boxes even when their models are…

The goal of Explainable AI (XAI) is to design methods to provide insights into the reasoning process of black-box models, such as deep neural networks, in order to explain them to humans. Social science research states that such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Van Bach Nguyen , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

If a product deviates from its desired properties in the injection moulding process, its root cause analysis can be aided by models that relate the input machine settings with the output quality characteristics. The machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Muhammad Muaz , Sameed Sajid , Tobias Schulze , Chang Liu , Nils Klasen , Benny Drescher

In decision support systems the motivation and justification of the system's diagnosis or classification is crucial for the acceptance of the system by the human user. In Bayesian networks a diagnosis or classification is typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Johan Kwisthout

EXplainable machine learning (XML) has recently emerged to address the mystery mechanisms of machine learning (ML) systems by interpreting their 'black box' results. Despite the development of various explanation methods, determining the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Bo Wang , Yiqiao Li , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

In the context of human-in-the-loop Machine Learning applications, like Decision Support Systems, interpretability approaches should provide actionable insights without making the users wait. In this paper, we propose Accelerated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 David Dandolo , Chiara Masiero , Mattia Carletti , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in legal contexts, where their opacity raises significant challenges for fairness, accountability, and trust. The so-called ``black box problem'' undermines the legitimacy of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrada Iulia Prajescu , Roberto Confalonieri

As machine learning black boxes are increasingly being deployed in critical domains such as healthcare and criminal justice, there has been a growing emphasis on developing techniques for explaining these black boxes in a human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Osbert Bastani

Neural networks are among the most accurate supervised learning methods in use today, but their opacity makes them difficult to trust in critical applications, especially when conditions in training differ from those in test. Recent work on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Andrew Slavin Ross , Michael C. Hughes , Finale Doshi-Velez

Automated decision making is used routinely throughout our everyday life. Recommender systems decide which jobs, movies, or other user profiles might be interesting to us. Spell checkers help us to make good use of language. Fraud detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Alexander Jung , Pedro H. J. Nardelli

Recent works in Explainable AI mostly address the transparency issue of black-box models or create explanations for any kind of models (i.e., they are model-agnostic), while leaving explanations of interpretable models largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Piyawat Lertvittayakumjorn , Francesca Toni