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We introduce a framework for ordinal notation systems, present a family of strong yet simple systems, and give many examples of ordinals in these systems. While much of the material is conjectural, we include systems with conjectured…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-01-01 Dmytro Taranovsky

While unbiased machine learning models are essential for many applications, bias is a human-defined concept that can vary across tasks. Given only input-label pairs, algorithms may lack sufficient information to distinguish stable (causal)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yujia Bao , Shiyu Chang , Regina Barzilay

We consider a class of non-conjugate priors as a mixing family of distributions for a parameter (e.g., Poisson or gamma rate, inverse scale or precision of an inverse-gamma, inverse variance of a normal distribution) of an exponential…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-25 Dexter Cahoy , Joseph Sedransk

Ordinal regression is a classification task where classes have an order and prediction error increases the further the predicted class is from the true class. The standard approach for modeling ordinal data involves fitting parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Fred Lu , Francis Ferraro , Edward Raff

We present several characterizations of uo-convergent nets or sequences in spaces of continuous functions $C(\Omega)$, $C_b(\Omega)$, $C_0(\Omega)$, and $C^\infty(\Omega)$, extending results of [vdW18]. In particular, it is shown that a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-19 Eugene Bilokopytov , Vladimir G. Troitsky

This paper is concerned with the theoretical understanding of $\alpha$-stable sheets $U$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$. Our motivation for this is in the context of Bayesian inverse problems, where we consider these processes as prior distributions,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-13 Neil K. Chada , Sari Lasanen , Lassi Roininen

An operad (this paper deals with non-symmetric operads)may be conceived as a partial algebra with a family of insertion operations, Gerstenhaber's circle-i products, which satisfy two kinds of associativity, one of them involving…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-01 Kosta DOSEN , Zoran Petric

Positive $T$-martingales were developed as a general framework that extends the positive measure-valued martingales and are meant to model intermittent turbulence. We extend their scope by allowing the martingale to take complex values. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-14 Julien Barral , Xiong Jin , Benoît Mandelbrot

The progression of lung cancer implies the intrinsic ordinal relationship of lung nodules at different stages-from benign to unsure then to malignant. This problem can be solved by ordinal regression methods, which is between classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Yiming Lei , Hongming Shan , Junping Zhang

We show that there exists $0<\alpha_0<1$ (depending on the parameters) such that the fractal percolation is almost surely purely $\alpha$-unrectifiable for all $\alpha>\alpha_0$.

We show that for every countable group, any sequence of approximate homomorphisms with values in permutations can be realized as the restriction of a sofic approximation of an orbit equivalence relation. Moreover, this orbit equivalence…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Ben Hayes , Srivatsav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli

The algebraic intersection type unification problem is an important component in proof search related to several natural decision problems in intersection type systems. It is unknown and remains open whether the algebraic intersection type…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Andrej Dudenhefner , Moritz Martens , Jakob Rehof

We consider several transitions between narrow lines that have an enhanced sensitivity to a possible variation of the fine structure constant, alpha. This enhancement may allow a search to be performed with an effective suppression of the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. G. Karshenboim , A. Yu. Nevsky , E. J. Angstmann , V. A. Dzuba , V. V. Flambaum

A coagulation process is studied in a set of random masses, in which two randomly chosen masses and the smallest mass of the set multiplied by some fixed parameter $\omega\in [-1,1]$ are iteratively added. Besides masses (or primary…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Róbert Juhász

This article consists in two independent parts. In the first one, we investigate the geometric properties of almost periodicity of model sets (or cut-and-project sets, defined under the weakest hypotheses); in particular we show that they…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-12-03 Pierre-Antoine Guihéneuf

Consider an i.i.d. sequence of random variables whose distribution f* lies in one of a nested family of models M_q, q>=1. The smallest index q* such that M_{q*} contains f* is called the model order. We establish strong consistency of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-29 Elisabeth Gassiat , Ramon Van Handel

In general, some of the well known results of measure theory dealing with the convergence of sequences of functions such as the Dominated Convergence Theorem or the Monotone Convergence Theorem are not true when we consider arbitrary nets…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Daniel L. Rodríguez-Vidanes

We introduce the idea of a weakly entangled linear order, and show that it is consistent for a Suslin line to be weakly entangled. We generalize the notion of entangled linear orders to $\omega_1$-trees, and prove that an $\omega_1$-tree is…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-04-28 John Krueger

We describe an MCMC method for sampling distributions with soft constraints, which are constraints that are almost but not exactly satisfied. We sample a total distribution that is a convex combination of the target soft distribution with…

Computation · Statistics 2022-10-24 Ildebrando Magnani

We define the affinization of an arbitrary monoidal category $\mathcal{C}$, corresponding to the category of $\mathcal{C}$-diagrams on the cylinder. We also give an alternative characterization in terms of adjoining dot generators to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Youssef Mousaaid , Alistair Savage