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Coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication is recognized as a key enabler for ultra-high-capacity fronthaul and backhaul links in next-generation wireless networks. Spectrally efficient $M$-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Himani Verma , Kamal Singh , Ranjan K. Mallik

This paper presents a unified analysis of the mixed radio-frequency (RF)/free-space optics (FSO) relaying system, with multiple variable-gain amplify-and-forward relays. The partial relay selection (PRS) is employed to select the active…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Milica I. Petkovic , Zeljen Trpovski

Free space optical (FSO) communication is considered a promising solution in next_generation communication networks. However, its performance is significantly influenced by atmospheric turbulence. To enhance system robustness to turbulence,…

This paper is a study of non-linear effects of RF Amplifiers on Communication Systems Performance. High speed data communication is made possible by Multilevel Modulation schemes. This paper presents a study of these non linear effects on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-01-13 Aripirala Manoj Kumar , G. Bharath Reddy , G. Krishna Chaitanya Reddy

Nowadays, the subsistent anisotropic non-Kolmogorov (ANK) turbulence models are all established on the supposition that the long axis of turbulence cell ought to be level with the ground. Nevertheless, Beason et al. and Wang et al. have…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Chao Zhai , Zhenyuan Xue

In this work, performance of a multi-antenna multiuser unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted terrestrial-satellite communication system over mixed free space optics (FSO)/ radio frequency (RF) channels is analyzed. Downlink transmission…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Praveen Kumar Singya , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In this paper, we propose a novel free-space optical (FSO) communication system utilizing optical skyrmions. We introduce a scheme referred to as skyrmion number modulation (SkM), which employs index modulation by encoding information onto…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Ryosuke Hara , Satoshi Iwamoto , Shinya Sugiura

The free-space optical (FSO) communication links with orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing have been demonstrated that they can largely enhance the systems' capacity without a corresponding increase in spectral bandwidth, but the…

Optics · Physics 2014-01-30 Shengmei Zhao , Bei Wang , Li Zhou , Longyan Gong , Wenwen Cheng , Yubo Sheng , Baoyu Zheng

In this work, the performance analysis of a dual-hop relay transmission system composed of asymmetric radio-frequency (RF)/free-space optical (FSO) links with pointing errors is presented. More specifically, we build on the system model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-19 Imran Shafique Ansari , Ferkan Yilmaz , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We analyze the performance of a free-space optical (FSO) link affected by atmospheric turbulence and line-of-sight (LOS) blockage. For this purpose, the atmospheric turbulence induced fading is modeled by the M-distribution, which includes…

Free-space optical communication is emerging as a low-power, low-cost, and high data rate alternative to radio-frequency communication in short-to medium-range applications. However, it requires a close-to-line-of-sight link between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-10 I. N'Doye , W. Cai , A. Alalwan , X. Sun , W. G. Headary , M. -S. Alouini , B. -S. Ooi , T. -M. Laleg-Kirati

Wireless communications has become one of the fastest growing areas in our modern life and creates enormous impact on nearly every feature of our daily life. In this paper, the performance of M-ary modulations schemes (MPSK, MQAM, MFSK)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-03-09 Md. Emdadul Haque , Md. Golam Rashed , M. Hasnat Kabir

Integrating high altitude platforms (HAPs) and free-space optical (FSO) communications is a promising solution to establish high data rate aerial links for the next-generation wireless networks. However, practical limitations such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Hossein Safi , Akbar Dargahi , Julian Cheng , Majid Safari

We study the performance of multi-hop networks composed of millimeter wave (MMW)-based radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) links. The results are obtained in the cases with and without hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Behrooz Makki , Tommy Svensson , Maite Brandt-Pearce , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Multimode receivers based on spatial or modal diversity are promising architectures to mitigate in real time the atmospheric turbulence effects for free space optical (FSO) communications. In this paper, we evaluate and comment on the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 Vincent Billault , Jerome Bourderionnet , Luc Leviandier , Patrick Feneyrou , Anaelle Maho , Michel Sotom , Arnaud Brignon

We investigate transmission protocols for relay-assisted free-space optical (FSO) systems, when multiple parallel relays are employed and there is no direct link between the source and the destination. As alternatives to all-active FSO…

This work analyzes the performance of an underlay cognitive radio based decode-and-forward mixed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) cooperative relay system with multiple mobile secondary and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Neeraj Varshney , Aditya K. Jagannatham , Pramod K. Varshney

We present a quantum-correlation-based free-space optical(FSO) link over 250 m using an outdoor active reflector 125 m from the transceiver station. The performance of free-space optical communication can be significantly degraded by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-27 Dongkyu Kim , Dohoon Lim , Kyungdeuk Park , Yong Sup Ihn

In this letter, we study the performance of hybrid radio-frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) links using automatic repeat request (ARQ). We derive closed-form expressions for the message decoding probabilities, throughput, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Behrooz Makki , Tommy Svensson , Thomas Eriksson , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

To provide high data rate aerial links for 5G and beyond wireless networks, the integration of free-space optical (FSO) communications and aerial platforms has been recently suggested as a practical solution. To fully reap the benefit of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Hossein Safi , Akbar Dargahi