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Conceptual tests are widely used by physics instructors to assess students' conceptual understanding and compare teaching methods. It is common to look at students' changes in their answers between a pre-test and a post-test to quantify a…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-09-15 Brahim Lamine , Jean-François Parmentier

This is the first in a series of papers that analyze college student beliefs in realms where common astronomy misconceptions are prevalent. Data was collected through administration of an inventory distributed at the end of an introductory…

Physics Education · Physics 2013-01-22 Andrej Favia , Neil F. Comins , Geoffrey L. Thorpe

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a popular assessment method used in education measurement, which builds on an assumption of a probability framework connecting students' innate ability and their actual performances on test items. The model…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-05-19 Jing Wang , Lei Bao

Item Response Theory becomes an increasingly important tool when analyzing ``Big Data'' gathered from online educational venues. However, the mechanism was originally developed in traditional exam settings, and several of its assumptions…

Physics Education · Physics 2014-05-29 Gerd Kortemeyer

Assessment of proficiency of the learner is an essential part of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). We use Item Response Theory (IRT) in computer-aided language learning for assessment of student ability in two contexts: in test sessions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Jue Hou , Anisia Katinskaia , Anh-Duc Vu , Roman Yangarber

Cognitive diagnosis is a fundamental and crucial task in many educational applications, e.g., computer adaptive test and cognitive assignments. Item Response Theory (IRT) is a classical cognitive diagnosis method which can provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Song Cheng , Qi Liu

Item (question) difficulties play a crucial role in educational assessments, enabling accurate and efficient assessment of student abilities and personalization to maximize learning outcomes. Traditionally, estimating item difficulties can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Alexander Scarlatos , Nigel Fernandez , Christopher Ormerod , Susan Lottridge , Andrew Lan

Item response theory (IRT) has become one of the most popular statistical models for psychometrics, a field of study concerned with the theory and techniques of psychological measurement. The IRT models are latent factor models tailored to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-20 Yunxiao Chen , Xiaoou Li , Jingchen Liu , Zhiliang Ying

Item Response Theory (IRT) was originally developed in traditional exam settings, and it has been shown that the model does not readily transfer to formative assessment in the form of online homework. We investigate if this is mostly due to…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-03-24 Emre Gönülateş , Gerd Kortemeyer

Item Response Theory (IRT) models aim to assess latent abilities of $n$ examinees along with latent difficulty characteristics of $m$ test items from categorical data that indicates the quality of their corresponding answers. Classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Susanne Frick , Amer Krivošija , Alexander Munteanu

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a well known method for assessing responses from humans in education and psychology. In education, IRT is used to infer student abilities and characteristics of test items from student responses. Interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Antti Keurulainen , Isak Westerlund , Oskar Keurulainen , Andrew Howes

Item response theory (IRT) models have been widely used in educational measurement testing. When there are repeated observations available for individuals through time, a dynamic structure for the latent trait of ability needs to be…

Applications · Statistics 2013-04-17 Xiaojing Wang , James O. Berger , Donald S. Burdick

In certain academic systems, a student can enroll for an exam immediately after the end of the teaching period or can postpone it to any later examination session, so that the grade is missing until the exam is not attempted. We propose an…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-22 Silvia Bacci , Francesco Bartolucci , Leonardo Grilli , Carla Rampichini

Item response theory (IRT) models explain an observed item response as a function of a respondent's latent trait and the item's property. IRT is one of the most widely utilized tools for item response analysis; however, local item and…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-08 Ick Hoon Jin , Minjeong Jeon

This study discusses an alternative tool for modeling student assessment data. The model constructs networks from a matrix item responses and attempts to represent these data in low dimensional Euclidean space. This procedure has advantages…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-18 Alex Brodersen , Ick Hoon Jin , Ying Cheng , Minjeong Jeon

This paper reports on an investigation into the correlations between students' understandings of introductory astronomy concepts and the correctness and coherency of their written responses to targeted Lecture-Tutorial questions. We…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-03-16 Jeffrey W. Eckenrode , Edward E. Prather , Colin S. Wallace

Educational assessment relies heavily on knowing question difficulty, traditionally determined through resource-intensive pre-testing with students. This creates significant barriers for both classroom teachers and assessment developers. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Matias Hoyl

Dynamic Item Response Models extend the standard Item Response Theory (IRT) to capture temporal dynamics in learner ability. While these models have the potential to allow instructional systems to actively monitor the evolution of learner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yunsung Kim , Sreechan Sankaranarayanan , Chris Piech , Candace Thille

The growing dependence on eTextbooks and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has led to an increase in the amount of students' learning data. By carefully analyzing this data, educators can identify difficult exercises, and evaluate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Ahmed Abd Elrahman , Ahmed I. Taloba , Mohammed F. Farghally , Taysir Hassan A Soliman

Evaluation of NLP methods requires testing against a previously vetted gold-standard test set and reporting standard metrics (accuracy/precision/recall/F1). The current assumption is that all items in a given test set are equal with regards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-26 John P. Lalor , Hao Wu , Hong Yu
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