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With the rise of the library ecosystem (such as NPM for JavaScript and PyPI for Python), a developer has access to a multitude of library packages that they can adopt as dependencies into their application.Prior work has found that these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Supatsara Wattanakriengkrai , Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula

The popularity of JavaScript has lead to a large ecosystem of third-party packages available via the npm software package registry. The open nature of npm has boosted its growth, providing over 800,000 free and reusable software packages.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Markus Zimmermann , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu , Cam Tenny , Michael Pradel

With the popularity of software ecosystems, the number of open source components (known as packages) has grown rapidly. Identifying high-quality and well-maintained packages from a large pool of packages to depend on is a basic and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Suhaib Mujahid , Rabe Abdalkareem , Emad Shihab

Software vulnerabilities have a large negative impact on the software systems that we depend on daily. Reports on software vulnerabilities always paint a grim picture, with some reports showing that 83% of organizations depend on vulnerable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Mahmoud Alfadel , Diego Elias Costa , Mouafak Mokhallalati , Emad Shihab , Bram Adams

Background: Widespread use of third-party libraries makes ecosystems like Node Package Manager (npm) critical to modern software development. However, this interconnected chain of dependencies also creates challenges: bugs in one library…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mohammadreza Saeidi , Ethan Thoma , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Gema Rodríguez-Pérez

Modern software systems are often built by leveraging code written by others in the form of libraries and packages to accelerate their development. While there are many benefits to using third-party packages, software projects often become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Jasmine Latendresse , Suhaib Mujahid , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab

To comply with high productivity demands, software developers reuse free open-source software (FOSS) code to avoid reinventing the wheel when incorporating software features. The reliance on FOSS reuse has been shown to improve productivity…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Haya Samaana , Diego Elias Costa , Ahmad Abdellatif , Emad Shihab

Open source software ecosystems consist of thousands of interdependent libraries, which users can combine to great effect. Recent work has pointed out two kinds of risks in these systems: that technical problems like bugs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 William Schueller , Johannes Wachs

The use of third-party packages is becoming increasingly popular and has led to the emergence of large software package ecosystems with a maze of inter-dependencies. Since the reliance on these ecosystems enables developers to reduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Katsuro Inoue , Christoph Treude

One of the biggest strength of many modern programming languages is their rich open source package ecosystem. Indeed, modern language-specific package managers have made it much easier to share reusable code and depend on components written…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Théo Zimmermann

Large language models (LLMs) have developed rapidly in recent years, revolutionizing various fields. Despite their widespread success, LLMs heavily rely on external code dependencies from package management systems, creating a complex and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shuhan Liu , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , David Lo , Xiaohu Yang

Much of the success of modern software development can be attributed to code reuse. The ability to reuse existing functionality via third-party dependencies has enabled massive gains in productivity, but for a long time the dominant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Brittany Anne Reid , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Background: The Node Package Manager (npm) ecosystem plays a vital role in modern software development by providing a vast repository of packages and tools that developers can use to implement their software systems. However, recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Anthony Peruma , Truman Choy , Gerald Lee , Italo De Oliveira Santos

Modern software systems rely on dependency networks of reusable libraries, where breaking changes propagate and cause downstream consumers to fail. Despite growing research across ecosystems, no comprehensive synthesis exists. We conduct a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Juntao Chen , Tingting Bi , Yanlin Wang , Patanamon Thongtanunam

The widespread of libraries within modern software ecosystems creates complex networks of dependencies. These dependencies are fragile to breakage, outdated, or redundancy, potentially leading to cascading issues in dependent libraries. One…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Pongchai Jaisri , Brittany Reid , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Understanding vulnerability propagation is essential for assessing how vulnerabilities spread across components of a software package. This supports more accurate impact analysis and enhances threat detection and mitigation. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Michael Robinson , Sajal Halder , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Muhammad Ikram , Seyit Camtepe , Hyoungshick Kim

Open-source software (OSS) supply chain security has become a topic of concern for organizations. Patching an OSS vulnerability can require updating other dependent software products in addition to the original package. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Cadence Patrick , Kimberly Ruth , Zakir Durumeric

Software systems often leverage on open source software libraries to reuse functionalities. Such libraries are readily available through software package managers like npm for JavaScript. Due to the huge amount of packages available in such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Ahmed Zerouali , Tom Mens , Gregorio Robles , Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona

Open source licenses create a legal framework that plays a crucial role in the widespread adoption of open source projects. Without a license, any source code available on the internet could not be openly (re)distributed. Although recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-10 João Pedro Moraes , Ivanilton Polato , Igor Wiese , Filipe Saraiva , Gustavo Pinto

As the default package manager for Node.js, npm has become one of the largest package management systems in the world. To facilitate dependency management for developers, npm supports a special type of dependency, Peer Dependency, whose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xingyu Wang , Mingsen Wang , Wenbo Shen , Rui Chang
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