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We present strategies how to reconstruct (estimate) properties of a quantum channel described by the map E based on incomplete measurements. In a particular case of a qubit channel a complete reconstruction of the map E can be performed via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Mario Ziman , Martin Plesch , Vladimir Buzek

We present a simple and efficient Bayesian recursive algorithm for the data-pattern scheme for quantum state reconstruction, which is applicable to situations where measurement settings can be controllably varied efficiently. The algorithm…

Neural network quantum states are a promising tool to analyze complex quantum systems given their representative power. It can however be difficult to optimize efficiently and effectively the parameters of this type of ansatz. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Wenxuan Zhang , Xiansong Xu , Zheyu Wu , Vinitha Balachandran , Dario Poletti

In this article, we investigate the problem of state reconstruction of four-level quantum systems. A realistic scenario is considered with measurement results distorted by random unitary operators. Two frames which define injective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Artur Czerwinski

Amongst the multitude of state reconstruction techniques, the so-called "quantum tomography" seems to be the most fruitful. In this letter, I will start by developing the mathematical apparatus of quantum tomography and, later, I will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Paini

Suppose you receive a sequence of qubits where each qubit is guaranteed to be in one of two pure states, but you do not know what those states are. Your task is to determine the states. This can be viewed as a kind of quantum state learning…

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

We revisit quantum tomography in an informationally incomplete scenario and propose improved state reconstruction methods using deep neural networks. In the first approach, the trained network predicts an optimal linear or quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Mateusz Krawczyk , Pavel Baláž , Katarzyna Roszak , Jarosław Pawłowski

We address the problem of completely characterizing multi-particle states including loss of information to unobserved degrees of freedom. In systems where non-classical interference plays a role, such as linear-optics quantum gates, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. B. A. Adamson , L. K. Shalm , M. W. Mitchell , A. M. Steinberg

Uhlmann's theorem is a central result in quantum information theory, which associates the closeness of two quantum states with that of their purifications. The theorem also well characterizes a fundamental task: how close a pure quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Takeru Utsumi , Yoshifumi Nakata , Qisheng Wang , Ryuji Takagi

The state of a microscopic system encodes its complete quantum description, from which the probabilities of all measurement outcomes are inferred. Being a statistical concept, the state cannot be obtained from a single system realization.…

Let $(\mathcal{M},\tau)$ and $(\mathcal{N},\tau^{\prime})$ be tracial von-Neumann algebras and let $\phi:\mathcal{M}\to\mathcal{N}$ be a strictly completely positive, trace preserving map. Given a positive, invertible $B\in\mathcal{M}$ with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Saptak Bhattacharya

The tomographic reconstruction of the state of a quantum-mechanical system is an essential component in the development of quantum technologies. We present an overview of different tomographic methods for determining the quantum-mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-09 Roman Schmied

As we enter a new era of quantum technology, it is increasingly important to develop methods to aid in the accurate preparation of quantum states for a variety of materials, matter, and devices. Computational techniques can be used to…

The Kaczmarz algorithm is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. It can be extended so as to reconstruct a vector $x$ in a (separable) Hilbert space from the inner-products $\{\langle x, \phi_{n} \rangle\}$. The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-11-02 Anna Aboud , Emelie Curl , Steven N. Harding , M. Vaughan , Eric S. Weber

The identification of states and parameters from noisy measurements of a dynamical system is of great practical significance and has received a lot of attention. Classically, this problem is expressed as optimization over a class of models.…

Quantum tomography is a cornerstone of quantum information science, enabling the reconstruction of states and channels from experimental data. Here we introduce a new paradigm, temporal state tomography (TST), for reconstructing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Zhian Jia

Optimal state transport across spin chains, which are proposed as quantum wires for information transfer in solid state quantum architectures, is an important topic for quantum technologies. In this work, we study {the remote restoring of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 E. B. Fel'dman , A. N. Pechen , A. I. Zenchuk

System of 1/2 spin particles is observed repeatedly using Stern-Gerlach apparatuses with rotated orientations. Synthesis of such non-commuting observables is analyzed using maximum likelihood estimation as an example of quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Z. Hradil , J. Summhammer , G. Badurek , H. Rauch

The quantum marginal problem consists in deciding whether a given set of marginal reductions is compatible with the existence of a global quantum state or not. In this work, we formulate the problem from the perspective of dynamical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Daniel Uzcátegui Contreras , Dardo Goyeneche