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Recent advances in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) extend the scope of Bayesian inference to models for which the likelihood function is intractable. Although these developments allow us to estimate model parameters, other basic problems…

Computation · Statistics 2019-12-12 Minh-Ngoc Tran , Marcel Scharth , David Gunawan , Robert Kohn , Scott D. Brown , Guy E. Hawkins

Specified Certainty Classification (SCC) is a new paradigm for employing classifiers whose outputs carry uncertainties, typically in the form of Bayesian posterior probabilities. By allowing the classifier output to be less precise than one…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Alan F. Karr , Jason Hauzel , Prahlad Menon , Adam A. Porter , Marcel Schaefer

We consider a statistical test whose p-value can only be approximated using Monte Carlo simulations. We are interested in deciding whether the p-value for an observed data set lies above or below a given threshold such as 5%. We want to…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-10 Dong Ding , Axel Gandy , Georg Hahn

We propose a Model-Based Clustering (MBC) method combined with loci selection using multi-allelic loci genetic data. The loci selection problem is regarded as a model selection problem and models in competition are compared with the…

Applications · Statistics 2008-12-31 Wilson Toussile , Elisabeth Gassiat

A scoring system is a simple decision model that checks a set of features, adds a certain number of points to a total score for each feature that is satisfied, and finally makes a decision by comparing the total score to a threshold.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Jonas Hanselle , Stefan Heid , Johannes Fürnkranz , Eyke Hüllermeier

In many high-risk machine learning applications it is essential for a model to indicate when it is uncertain about a prediction. While large language models (LLMs) can reach and even surpass human-level accuracy on a variety of benchmarks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Evan Becker , Stefano Soatto

Self-consistency decoding enhances LLMs' performance on reasoning tasks by sampling diverse reasoning paths and selecting the most frequent answer. However, it is computationally expensive, as sampling many of these (lengthy) paths is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amir Taubenfeld , Tom Sheffer , Eran Ofek , Amir Feder , Ariel Goldstein , Zorik Gekhman , Gal Yona

Should prediction models always deliver a prediction? In the pursuit of maximum predictive performance, critical considerations of reliability and fairness are often overshadowed, particularly when it comes to the role of uncertainty.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Anna Sokol , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Though neural network models demonstrate impressive performance, we do not understand exactly how these black-box models make individual predictions. This drawback has led to substantial research devoted to understand these models in areas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Serena Booth , Ankit Shah , Yilun Zhou , Julie Shah

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks. However, the truthfulness of their outputs is not guaranteed, and their tendency toward overconfidence further limits reliability. Uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qi Cao , Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Stochastic model-predictive control (SMPC) has evolved to a powerful framework for the control of stochastic dynamical systems. SMPC utilizes a probabilistic uncertainty description to provide a systematic trade-off between the control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Bendegúz Györök , Roland Tóth , Maarten Schoukens , Tamás Péni

High complexity models are notorious in machine learning for overfitting, a phenomenon in which models well represent data but fail to generalize an underlying data generating process. A typical procedure for circumventing overfitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 James Schmidt

Model selection is indispensable to high-dimensional sparse modeling in selecting the best set of covariates among a sequence of candidate models. Most existing work assumes implicitly that the model is correctly specified or of fixed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-24 Pallavi Basu , Yang Feng , Jinchi Lv

In statistics, there are a variety of methods for performing model selection that all stem from slightly different paradigms of statistical inference. The reasons for choosing one particular method over another seem to be based entirely on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Danica M. Ommen , Christopher P. Saunders

As neural networks become more popular, the need for accompanying uncertainty estimates increases. There are currently two main approaches to test the quality of these estimates. Most methods output a density. They can be compared by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-05 Laurens Sluijterman , Eric Cator , Tom Heskes

In a linear regression model of fixed dimension $p \leq n$, we construct confidence regions for the unknown parameter vector based on the Lasso estimator that uniformly and exactly hold the prescribed in finite samples as well as in an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-08 Karl Ewald , Ulrike Schneider

We consider a simulation-based Ranking and Selection (R&S) problem with input uncertainty, where unknown input distributions can be estimated using input data arriving in batches of varying sizes over time. Each time a batch arrives,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-05 Di Wu , Yuhao Wang , Enlu Zhou

Plausibility is a formalization of exact tests for parametric models and generalizes procedures such as Fisher's exact test. The resulting tests are based on cumulative probabilities of the probability density function and evaluate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-13 Stefan Böhringer , Dietmar Lohmann

As large language models (LLMs) continue to demonstrate remarkable abilities across various domains, computer scientists are developing methods to understand their cognitive processes, particularly concerning how (and if) LLMs internally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Daniel A. Herrmann , Benjamin A. Levinstein

The Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) is one of the simplest and most widely-studied supersymmetric extensions to the standard model of particle physics. Nevertheless, current data do not sufficiently constrain the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-13 Yashar Akrami , Pat Scott , Joakim Edsjö , Jan Conrad , Lars Bergström