Related papers: Time, E8, and the Standard Model
We develop the theory of discrete time Lagrangian mechanics on Lie groups, originated in the work of Veselov and Moser, and the theory of Lagrangian reduction in the discrete time setting. The results thus obtained are applied to the…
Symmetry is fundamental to understanding physical systems and can improve performance and sample efficiency in machine learning. Both pursuits require knowledge of the underlying symmetries in data, yet discovering these symmetries…
In this work we present an epistemic analysis of time phenomenon using the mathematical machinery of information theory and modular theory. By adopting limited commitment to the ontology of time evolution, and instead by mainly relying on…
We show that a topology can be defined in the four dimensional space-time of special relativity so as to obtain a topological semigroup for time. The Minkowski 4-vector character of space-time elements as well as the key properties of…
In pregeometry a metric arises as a composite object at large distances. We investigate if its signature, which distinguishes between time and space, could be a result of the dynamics rather than being built in already in the formulation of…
The only widely accepted explanation for the various arrows of time that everywhere and at all epochs point in the same direction is the `past hypothesis': the Universe had a very special low-entropy initial state. We present the first…
It is argued that any operational measure of time is inseparably bound to the presence of a periodic process in some medium. Since, as first formulated by Einstein's (1905) equation for the energy, all "particles" (neutrons, electrons,…
In the present contribution the construction of particle physics models in theories with fuzzy extra dimensions is discussed. We focus on a bottom-up approach where the structure of a higher-dimensional theory arises within ordinary…
There has been some evidence that the fine structure "constant" $\alpha$ may vary with time. We point out that this variation can be described by a scalar field in some supergravity theory in our toy model, for instance, the N=8 extended…
All gauge theories need ``something fixed'' even as ``something changes.'' Underlying the implementation of these ideas all major physical theories make indispensable use of an elaborately designed spacetime model as the ``something…
The microscopic origin of space(-time) geometry is explained on the basis of an emergence process associated with the condensation of infinite number of microscopic quanta responsible for symmetry breakdown, which implements the basic…
A physical theory is proposed that obeys both the principles of special relativity and of quantum mechanics. As a key feature, the laws are formulated in terms of quantum events rather than of particle states. Temporal and spatial…
We discuss cosmological models for an eternal universe. Physical observables show no singularity from the infinite past to the infinite future. While the universe is evolving, there is no beginning and no end - the universe exists forever.…
A unification model for strong, electromagnetic, weak and gravitational forces is proposed. The tangent space of ordinary coordinate 4-dimensional spacetime is a submanifold of an 14-dimensional internal spacetime spanned by four frame…
In the event symmetric approach to quantum gravity it is assumed that the fundamental laws of physics must be invariant under exchange of any two space-time events. The fact that this symmetry if obviously not observed is attributed to the…
The construction and general implications of a model with complete supersymmetric unification of the Standard Model matter content, interactions and families' replication into a single $E_{8}$ gauge superfield in ten dimensions is…
In this second part of the `essay on the completion of quantum theory' we define the {\em unitary setting of completed quantum mechanics}, by adding as intrinsic data to those from Part I (arXiv:1711.08643) the choice of a north pole N and…
It is shown that (special) relativistically dilated time is the vector sum of rest time and time induced by movement in three dimensional space exeeding the rest time component and that the first vector is orthogonally directed relative to…
We discuss the fundamemtal constants in the Standard Model of particle physics, in particular possible changes of these constants on the cosmological time scale. The Grand Unification of the observed strong, electromagnetic and weak…
We classify simply-connected homogeneous ($D+1$)-dimensional spacetimes for kinematical and aristotelian Lie groups with $D$-dimensional space isotropy for all $D\geq 0$. Besides well-known spacetimes like Minkowski and (anti) de Sitter we…