Related papers: Time, E8, and the Standard Model
In considering the nature of the basic mathematical structures appropriate for describing the fundamental elements of particle physics a significant role for the octonions, as an extension from the complex numbers and uniquely the largest…
Four-dimensional spacetime, together with a natural generalisation to extra dimensions, is obtained through an analysis of the structures and symmetries deriving from possible arithmetic expressions for one-dimensional time. On taking the…
A physical theory of the world is presented under the unifying principle that all of nature is laid out before us and experienced through the passage of time. The one-dimensional progression in time is opened out into a multi-dimensional…
The Standard Model of particle physics is derived from first principles from the free Dirac Lagrangian in 8-dimensional spacetime. Motivated by second quantization arguments, we embed the 4-dimensional Clifford algebra of the Dirac…
The nature of the change in perspective that accompanies the proposal of a unified physical theory deriving from the single dimension of time is elaborated. On expressing a temporal interval in a multi-dimensional form, via a direct…
The central arguments for a generalised form of proper time as the basis for a unified theory, accounting for the Standard Model of particle physics and encompassing all four forces of nature including a consistent `quantum gravity', are…
We describe how a physical theory incorporating the properties of fields deriving from extra-dimensional structures over a four-dimensional spacetime manifold can in principle be obtained through the analysis of a simple initial structure…
Based on a fundamental symmetry between space, time, mass and charge, a series of group structures of physical interest is generated, ranging from C2 to E8. The most significant result of this analysis is a version of the Dirac equation…
We consider a theory with the gauge group $E_8$ assuming that the gauge symmetry breaking pattern is $E_8 \to E_7 \times U_1 \to E_6 \times U_1 \to SO_{10} \times U_1 \to SU_5 \times U_1 \to SU_3 \times SU_2 \times U_1$ and vacuum…
The unified theory of physics unifies various phenomena in our observable universe and other universes. The unified theory is based on the zero-energy universe and the space-object structures. Different universes in different developmental…
The aim of this work is to find a simple mathematical framework for our established description of particle physics. We demonstrate that the particular gauge structure, group representations and charge assignments of the Standard Model…
In light of G\"{o}del's undecidability results (incomplete theorems) for math, quantum indeterminism indicates that physics and the Universe may be indeterministic, incomplete, and open in nature, and therefore demand no single unification…
A theory has been presented previously in which the geometrical structure of a real four-dimensional space time manifold is expressed by a real orthonormal tetrad, and the group of diffeomorphisms is replaced by a larger group. The group…
The four dimensional spacetime continuum, as first conceived by Minkowski, has become the dominant framework within which to describe physical laws. In this paper, we show how this four-dimensional structure is a natural property of…
The generalisation of proper time, as an alternative to models with extra dimensions of space, has been proposed as the source of the elementary structures of matter. Direct connections with the Standard Model of particle physics together…
We present a novel derivation of both the Minkowski metric and Lorentz transformations from the consistent quantification of a causally ordered set of events with respect to an embedded observer. Unlike past derivations, which have relied…
We continue the study undertaken in \cite{DV} of the exceptional Jordan algebra $J = J_3^8$ as (part of) the finite-dimensional quantum algebra in an almost classical space-time approach to particle physics. Along with reviewing known…
We describe a theory amalgamating quantum theory and general relativity through the identification of a continuous 4-dimensional spacetime arena constructed from the substructures of a generalised multi-dimensional form for proper time. In…
A central aim of theoretical physics is to account for the structure of matter at the most elementary level as underlying the Standard Model of particle physics, and ideally also as a basis for a substantial dark sector, as distributed in…
Assuming that the Standard Model of particle physics arises from the $E_8\times E_8$ Heterotic String Theory, we try to solve the discrepancy between the unification scale predicted by this theory ($\approx g_{GUT}\times 5.27\cdot 10^{17}$…