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Related papers: Electron Surfing and Drift Accelerations in a Weib…

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Electron acceleration to non-thermal energies is known to occur in low Mach number (M<5) shocks in galaxy clusters and solar flares, but the electron acceleration mechanism remains poorly understood. Using two-dimensional (2D)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-26 Xinyi Guo , Lorenzo Sironi , Ramesh Narayan

The course of non-thermal electron ejection in relativistic unmagnetized electron-ion shocks is investigated by performing self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations. The shocks are excited through the injection of relativistic jet into…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-24 Kazem Ardaneh , Dongsheng Cai , Ken-Ichi Nishikawa

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g.,Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Buneman instability, two-streaming instability, and the Weibel instability) created in the shocks are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

We perform particle-in-cell simulations of perpendicular nonrelativistic collisionless shocks to study electron heating and pre-acceleration for parameters that permit extrapolation to the conditions at young supernova remnants. Our…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-04 Artem Bohdan , Jacek Niemiec , Oleh Kobzar , Martin Pohl

Shock acceleration is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , C. B. Hededal , G. Richardson , H. Sol , R. Preece , G. J. Fishman

Electron acceleration to non-thermal energies in low Mach number (M<5) shocks is revealed by radio and X-ray observations of galaxy clusters and solar flares, but the electron acceleration mechanism remains poorly understood. Diffusive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-10-14 Xinyi Guo , Lorenzo Sironi , Ramesh Narayan

We study the physics of electron acceleration at collisionless shocks that move through a plasma containing large-scale magnetic fluctuations. We numerically integrate the trajectories of a large number of electrons, which are treated as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Fan Guo , Joe Giacalone

We investigate the physics of quasi-parallel trans-relativistic shocks propagating in weakly magnetized plasmas by means of long-duration two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The structure of the shock precursor is shaped by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-09 Taiki Jikei , Daniel Groselj , Lorenzo Sironi

Shock drift acceleration plays an important role in generating high-energy electrons at quasi-perpendicular shocks, but its efficiency in low beta plasmas is questionable. In this article, we perform a two-dimensional particle-in-cell…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Ao Guo , Quanming Lu , San Lu , Zhongwei Yang , Xinliang Gao

After introduction we focus on: the transport of charged particles, the acceleration of ions at shocks, and the acceleration of electrons at shocks. Chapter 2 studies the propagation of solar energetic particles(SEPs) in turbulent magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-11-16 Fan Guo

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

The early acceleration of protons and electrons in the nonrelativistic collisionless shocks with three obliquities are investigated through 1D particle-in-cell simulations. In the simulations, the charged particles possessing a velocity of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-06 Jun Fang , Chun-Yan Lu , Jing-Wen Yan , Huan Yu

We present a study of the acceleration of electrons at a perpendicular shock that propagates through a turbulent magnetic field. The energization process of electrons is investigated by utilizing a combination of hybrid (kinetic ions and…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Fan Guo , Joe Giacalone

We discuss that energetic electrons are generated near the X-type magnetic reconnection region due to a surfing acceleration mechanism. In a thin plasma sheet, the polarization electric fields pointing towards the neutral sheet are induced…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Masahiro Hoshino

High Mach number collisionless shocks are found in planetary systems and supernova remnants (SNRs). Electrons are heated at these shocks to the temperature well above the Rankine-Hugoniot prediction. However processes responsible for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-25 Artem Bohdan , Martin Pohl , Jacek Niemiec , Paul Morris , Yosuke Matsumoto , Takanobu Amano , Masahiro Hoshino

We use 2D and 3D hybrid (kinetic ions - fluid electrons) simulations to investigate particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification at non-relativistic astrophysical shocks. We show that diffusive shock acceleration operates for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

Stochastic acceleration of electrons and protons by waves propagating parallel to the large scale magnetic fields of magnetized plasmas is studied with emphasis on the feasibility of accelerating particles from a thermal background to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-16 Vahé Petrosian , Siming Liu

Energetic electrons are a common feature of interplanetary shocks and planetary bow shocks, and they are invoked as a key component of models of nonthermal radio emission, such as solar radio bursts. A simulation study is carried out of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 D. Burgess

Turbulence is often invoked to explain the origin of nonthermal particles in space and astrophysical plasmas. By means of 3D fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that turbulence in low-$\beta$ plasmas ($\beta$ is the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-16 Luca Comisso , Lorenzo Sironi