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This is a handbook of simple proofs of the convergence of gradient and stochastic gradient descent type methods. We consider functions that are Lipschitz, smooth, convex, strongly convex, and/or Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz functions. Our focus is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Guillaume Garrigos , Robert M. Gower

We propose a novel analysis framework for non-descent-type optimization methodologies in nonconvex scenarios based on the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz property. Our framework allows covering a broad class of algorithms, including those commonly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Junwen Qiu , Bohao Ma , Xiao Li , Andre Milzarek

Minimization of a smooth function on a sphere or, more generally, on a smooth manifold, is the simplest non-convex optimization problem. It has a lot of applications. Our goal is to propose a version of the gradient projection algorithm for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-28 Maxim Balashov , Boris Polyak , Andrey Tremba

In this paper we propose a distributed version of a randomized block-coordinate descent method for minimizing the sum of a partially separable smooth convex function and a fully separable non-smooth convex function. Under the assumption of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-23 Ion Necoara , Dragos Clipici

It is known that when minimizing smooth Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz (PL) functions, momentum algorithms cannot significantly improve the convergence bound of gradient descent, contrasting with the acceleration phenomenon occurring in the strongly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Julien Hermant

Motivated by policy gradient methods in the context of reinforcement learning, we identify a large deviation rate function for the iterates generated by stochastic gradient descent for possibly non-convex objectives satisfying a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Wouter Jongeneel , Daniel Kuhn , Mengmeng Li

In this paper, we study the convergence properties of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) method for finding a stationary point of a given objective function $J(\cdot)$. The objective function is not required to be convex. Rather, our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-24 Rajeeva L. Karandikar , M. Vidyasagar

This paper considers the distributed nonconvex optimization problem of minimizing a global cost function formed by a sum of local cost functions by using local information exchange. We first consider a distributed first-order primal-dual…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Xinlei Yi , Shengjun Zhang , Tao Yang , Tianyou Chai , Karl H. Johansson

Due to its applications in many different places in machine learning and other connected engineering applications, the problem of minimization of a smooth function that satisfies the Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz condition receives much attention…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-09 Ilya A. Kuruzov , Fedor S. Stonyakin , Mohammad S. Alkousa

We consider the composite minimization problem with the objective function being the sum of a continuously differentiable and a merely lower semicontinuous and extended-valued function. The proximal gradient method is probably the most…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Christian Kanzow , Leo Lehmann

In this work, we deal with unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems. Specifically, we are interested in methods carrying out updates possibly along directions not of descent, like Polyak's heavy-ball algorithm. Instead of enforcing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Federica Donnini , Matteo Lapucci , Pierluigi Mansueto

Stochastic gradient methods with momentum are widely used in applications and at the core of optimization subroutines in many popular machine learning libraries. However, their sample complexities have not been obtained for problems beyond…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-12 Vien V. Mai , Mikael Johansson

Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz (PL) [Polyak, 1963] condition is a weaker condition than the strong convexity but suffices to ensure a global convergence for the Gradient Descent algorithm. In this paper, we study the lower bound of algorithms using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-03 Pengyun Yue , Cong Fang , Zhouchen Lin

We propose and analyze a randomized zeroth-order approach based on approximating the exact gradient byfinite differences computed in a set of orthogonal random directions that changes with each iteration. A number ofpreviously proposed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-16 David Kozak , Cesare Molinari , Lorenzo Rosasco , Luis Tenorio , Silvia Villa

This paper focuses on stochastic methods for solving smooth non-convex strongly-concave min-max problems, which have received increasing attention due to their potential applications in deep learning (e.g., deep AUC maximization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Zhishuai Guo , Yan Yan , Zhuoning Yuan , Tianbao Yang

We develop a rigorous framework for global non-convex optimization by reformulating the minimization problem as a discounted infinite-horizon optimal control problem. For non-convex, continuous, and possibly non-smooth objective functions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Yuyang Huang , Dante Kalise , Hicham Kouhkouh

In this paper, we revisit a classical adaptive stepsize strategy for gradient descent: the Polyak stepsize (PolyakGD), originally proposed in Polyak (1969). We study the convergence behavior of PolyakGD from two perspectives: tight…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Chang He , Wenzhi Gao , Bo Jiang , Madeleine Udell , Shuzhong Zhang

{We consider alternating minimization procedures for convex optimization problems with variable divided in many block, each block being amenable for minimization with respect to its variable with freezed other variables blocks. In the case…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Nazarii Tupitsa , Pavel Dvurechensky , Alexander Gasnikov , Sergey Guminov

We study the linear convergence rates of the proximal gradient method for composite functions satisfying two classes of Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz (PL) inequality: the PL inequality, the variant of PL inequality defined by the proximal map-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Qingyuan Kong , Rujun Jiang , Yihan He

There are much recent interests in solving noncovnex min-max optimization problems due to its broad applications in many areas including machine learning, networked resource allocations, and distributed optimization. Perhaps, the most…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-20 Thinh T. Doan