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Quantum contextuality turns out to be a necessary resource for universal quantum computation and also has applications in quantum communication. Thus it becomes important to generate contextual sets of arbitrary structure and complexity to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-07 Mladen Pavicic , Mordecai Waegell , Norman D. Megill , P. K. Aravind

Learning graphical causal structures from time series data presents significant challenges, especially when the measurement frequency does not match the causal timescale of the system. This often leads to a set of equally possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Mohammadsajad Abavisani , Kseniya Solovyeva , David Danks , Vince Calhoun , Sergey Plis

Observational studies are often conducted to estimate causal effects of treatments or exposures on event-time outcomes. Since treatments are not randomized in observational studies, techniques from causal inference are required to adjust…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-23 Han Ji , Arman Oganisian

Although understanding and characterizing causal effects have become essential in observational studies, it is challenging when the confounders are high-dimensional. In this article, we develop a general framework $\textit{CausalEGM}$ for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-20 Qiao Liu , Zhongren Chen , Wing Hung Wong

Causal discovery is essential across various scientific fields to uncover causal structures within data. Traditional methods relying on observational data have limitations due to confounding variables. This paper presents an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Abdelmonem Elrefaey , Rong Pan

Generating safety-critical scenarios, which are crucial yet difficult to collect, provides an effective way to evaluate the robustness of autonomous driving systems. However, the diversity of scenarios and efficiency of generation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

In an ordinary quantum algorithm the gates are applied in a fixed order on the systems. The introduction of indefinite causal structures allows to relax this constraint and control the order of the gates with an additional quantum state. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Martin J. Renner , Časlav Brukner

Causal graphs are widely used in software engineering to document and explore causal relationships. Though widely used, they may also be wildly misleading. Causal structures generated from SE data can be highly variable. This instability is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jeremy Hulse , Nasir U. Eisty , Tim Menzies

Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used in nonparametric regression, classification and spatio-temporal modeling, motivated in part by a rich literature on theoretical properties. However, a well known drawback of GPs that limits their use…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-06-29 Anjishnu Banerjee , David Dunson , Surya Tokdar

Consider a graph having quantum systems lying at each node. Suppose that the whole thing evolves in discrete time steps, according to a global, unitary causal operator. By causal we mean that information can only propagate at a bounded…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Pablo Arrighi , Simon Martiel

This article presents a sequential growth model for the universe that acts like a quantum computer. The basic constituents of the model are a special type of causal set (causet) called a $c$-causet. A $c$-causet is defined to be a causet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-01 Stan Gudder

Spatiotemporal time series are usually collected via monitoring sensors placed at different locations, which usually contain missing values due to various failures, such as mechanical damages and Internet outages. Imputing the missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Baoyu Jing , Dawei Zhou , Kan Ren , Carl Yang

Causal discovery is a major task with the utmost importance for machine learning since causal structures can enable models to go beyond pure correlation-based inference and significantly boost their performance. However, finding causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Andreas Sauter , Erman Acar , Vincent François-Lavet

In a conventional circuit for quantum machine learning, the quantum gates used to encode the input parameters and the variational parameters are constructed with a fixed order. The resulting output function, which can be expressed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Nannan Ma , P. Z. Zhao , Jiangbin Gong

In this work, we study quantum computing algorithms for accelerating causal inference. Specifically, we consider the formalism of causal hypothesis testing presented in [\textit{Nat Commun} 10, 1472 (2019)]. We develop a quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-03 Akash Kundu , Tamal Acharya , Aritra Sarkar

One of the most fundamental open problems in physics is the unification of general relativity and quantum theory to a theory of quantum gravity. An aspect that might become relevant in such a theory is that the dynamical nature of causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Veronika Baumann , Marius Krumm , Philippe Allard Guérin , Časlav Brukner

Causal discovery from time-series data has been a central task in machine learning. Recently, Granger causality inference is gaining momentum due to its good explainability and high compatibility with emerging deep neural networks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Yuxiao Cheng , Runzhao Yang , Tingxiong Xiao , Zongren Li , Jinli Suo , Kunlun He , Qionghai Dai

In the causal set approach to discrete quantum gravity the universe grows one element at a time in discrete steps. At each step the process has the form of a causal set (causet) and the "completed" universe is given by a path through a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-01 Stanley P Gudder

Synthetic data generation becomes prevalent as a solution to privacy leakage and data shortage. Generative models are designed to generate a realistic synthetic dataset, which can precisely express the data distribution for the real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Bingyang Wen , Luis Oliveros Colon , K. P. Subbalakshmi , R. Chandramouli

We propose a novel formalism for describing Structural Causal Models (SCMs) as fixed-point problems on causally ordered variables, eliminating the need for Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), and establish the weakest known conditions for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Meyer Scetbon , Joel Jennings , Agrin Hilmkil , Cheng Zhang , Chao Ma