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We show that the analysis of entanglement distillation protocols for qudits of arbitrary dimension $D$ benefits from applying basic concepts from number theory, since the set $\zdn$ associated to Bell diagonal states is a module rather than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We present numerical results which show how two-bit logic gates can be used in the design of a quantum computer. We show that the Toffoli gate, which is a universal gate for all classical reversible computation, can be implemented using a…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 David P. DiVincenzo , John Smolin

We present a 1D repetition code based on the so-called cat qubits as a viable approach toward hardware-efficient universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. The cat qubits that are stabilized by a two-photon driven-dissipative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-18 Jérémie Guillaud , Mazyar Mirrahimi

Magic State Distillation is considered to be one of the promising methods for supplying the non-Clifford resources required to achieve universal fault tolerance. Conventional MSD protocols implemented in surface codes often require multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Shifan Xu , Kun Liu , Patrick Rall , Zhiyang He , Yongshan Ding

We study the realization of a Toffoli gate with superconducting qubits in a circuit-QED setup using quantum-control methods. Starting with optimized piecewise-constant control fields acting on all qubits and typical strengths of XY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-14 Vladimir M. Stojanovic , A. Fedorov , A. Wallraff , C. Bruder

A thin-layer Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium is a powerful computing device capable for implementing logical circuits, memory, image processors, robot controllers, and neuromorphic architectures. We design the reversible logical gates ---…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Andrew Adamatzky

In order for quantum computations to be done as efficiently as possible it is important to optimise the number of gates used in the underlying quantum circuits. In this paper we find that many gate optimisation problems for approximately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 John van de Wetering , Matt Amy

A quantum circuit may be strongly classically simulated with the aid of ZX-calculus by decomposing its $t$ T-gates into a sum of $2^{\alpha t}$ classically computable stabiliser terms. In this paper, we introduce a general procedure to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Matthew Sutcliffe , Aleks Kissinger

CSS-T codes are a class of stabilizer codes introduced by Rengaswamy \emph{et al} with desired properties for quantum fault-tolerance. In this work, we comprehensively study non-degenerate CSS-T codes built from Reed-Muller codes. These…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Emma Andrade , Jessalyn Bolkema , Thomas Dexter , Harrison Eggers , Victoria Luongo , Felice Manganiello , Luke Szramowski

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-05 Ryuji Takagi , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac L. Chuang

We give a Clifford+T representation of the Toffoli gate of T-depth 1, using four ancillas. More generally, we describe a class of circuits whose T-depth can be reduced to 1 by using sufficiently many ancillas. We show that the cost of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-04 Peter Selinger

High-fidelity multi-qubit gates are a critical resource for near-term quantum computing, as they underpin the execution of both quantum algorithms and fault-tolerant protocols. The Toffoli gate (CCNOT), in particular, plays a central role…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 M. AbuGhanem

We have developed an improved scheme of a three-qubit Toffoli gate based on fine structure state changing three-body Stark-tuned Rydberg interaction. This scheme is a substantial improvement of our previous proposal [I.I.Beterov et al.,…

In fault-tolerant quantum computing with the surface code, non-Clifford gates are crucial for universal computation. However, implementing these gates using methods like magic state distillation and code switching requires significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Sheng-Jie Huang , Yanzhu Chen

Stabilizer codes are a simple and successful class of quantum error-correcting codes. Yet this success comes in spite of some harsh limitations on the ability of these codes to fault-tolerantly compute. Here we introduce a new metric for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Aleksander Kubica , Theodore J. Yoder

Toponomic quantum computing (TQC) employs rotation sequences of anticoherent $k$-planes to construct noise-tolerant quantum gates. In this work, we demonstrate the implementation of generalized Toffoli gates, using $k$-planes of spin…

Magic state distillation (MSD) is an essential element for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, which distills a high-fidelity magic state from noisy magic states using ideal (error-corrected) Clifford operations. For ideal Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Tomohiro Itogawa , Yugo Takada , Yutaka Hirano , Keisuke Fujii

We propose the theory of Cayley graphs as a framework to analyse gate counts and quantum costs resulting from reversible circuit synthesis. Several methods have been proposed in the reversible logic synthesis literature by considering…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-09-17 A. C. Ribeiro , C. M. H. de Figueiredo , F. L. Marquezino , L. A. B. Kowada

We present a novel Clifford+T decomposition of a Toffoli gate. Our decomposition requires no SWAP gates in order to be implemented on 2D square lattices of qubits. This decomposition enables shallower, more fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Alexandru Paler , Evan E. Dobbs , Joseph S. Friedman

We introduce a mixed-state magic criterion, the Triangle Criterion, which plays a role for magic analogous to the Positive Partial Transposition (PPT) Criterion for entanglement: it combines strong detection capability, a clear geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Zhenhuan Liu , Tobias Haug , Qi Ye , Zi-Wen Liu , Ingo Roth