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Related papers: A secular increase in continental crust nitrogen d…

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The history of molecular oxygen (O$_2$) in Earth's atmosphere is still debated; however, geological evidence supports at least two major episodes where O$_2$ increased by an order of magnitude or more: the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-12 Gregory Cooke , Dan Marsh , Catherine Walsh , Benjamin Black , Jean-François Lamarque

The search for life beyond the Solar System is a major activity in exoplanet science. However, even if an Earth-like planet were to be found, it is unlikely to be at a similar stage of evolution as the modern Earth. It is therefore of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 John Lee Grenfell , Stefanie Gebauer , Philip von Paris , Mareike Godolt , Pascal Hedelt , Beate Patzer , Barbara Stracke , Heike Rauer

We examine the history of the loss and replenishment of the Martian atmosphere using elemental and isotopic compositions of nitrogen and noble gases. The evolution of the atmosphere is calculated by taking into consideration various…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-13 Hiroyuki Kurokawa , Kosuke Kurosawa , Tomohiro Usui

We have studied the chemistry of nitrogen--bearing species during the initial stages of protostellar collapse, with a view to explaining the observed longevity of N2H+ and NH3 and the high levels of deuteration of these species. We followed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 D. R. Flower , G. Pineau des Forets , C. M. Walmsley

In this work we perform computer simulations of the ice surface in order to elucidate the role of nitrogen in the crystal growth rates and crystal habits of snow in the atmosphere. In pure water vapor at temperatures typical of ice crystal…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Pablo Llombart , Ramón M. Bergua , Eva G. Noya , Luis G. MacDowell

Despite a fainter Sun, the surface of the early Earth was mostly ice-free. Proposed solutions to this so-called "faint young Sun problem" have usually involved higher amounts of greenhouse gases than present in the modern-day atmosphere.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-11 P. von Paris , H. Rauer , L. Grenfell , B. Patzer , P. Hedelt , B. Stracke , T. Trautmann , F. Schreier

Titan has a climate system with similarities to Earth, including the presence of a thick atmosphere made up of several atmospheric layers. As on Earth, Titan's climate is influenced by several factors: the gaseous species making up the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-17 Zoé Perrin , Nathalie Carrasco , Thomas Gautier , Nathalie Ruscassier , Julien Maillard , Carlos Afonso , Ludovic Vettier

We study the seasonal evolution of Titan's lower stratosphere (around 15~mbar) in order to better understand the atmospheric dynamics and chemistry in this part of the atmosphere. We analysed Cassini/CIRS far-IR observations from 2006 to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 M. Sylvestre , N. A. Teanby , S. Vinatier , S. Lebonnois , P. G. J. Irwin

The effect of protoplanetary differentiation on the fate of life essential volatiles like nitrogen and carbon and its subsequent effect on the dynamics of planetary growth is unknown. Because the dissolution of nitrogen in magma oceans…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-13 Damanveer S. Grewal , Rajdeep Dasgupta , Taylor Hough , Alexandra Farnell

Atmospheric compositions of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths are often interpreted as tracers of formation location relative to volatile ice lines. However, prolonged magma oceans can chemically equilibrate with primordial atmospheres and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Aaron Werlen , Remo Burn , Caroline Dorn , Lukas Felix , Annika Salmi

The Earth's climate has experienced numerous critical transitions during its history, which have often been accompanied by massive and rapid changes in the biosphere. Such transitions are evidenced in various proxy records covering…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Denis-Didier Rousseau , Witold Bagniewski , Valerio Lucarini

We use the C/N ratio as a monitor of the delivery of key ingredients of life to nascent terrestrial worlds. Total elemental C and N contents, and their ratio, are examined for the interstellar medium, comets, chondritic meteorites and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-02 Edwin A. Bergin , Geoffrey A. Blake , Fred Ciesla , Marc M. Hirschmann , Jie Li

Earth is depleted in volatile elements relative to chondritic meteorites, its possible building blocks. The extent of this depletion increases with decreasing condensation temperature, and is approximated by a cumulative normal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-19 Paolo A. Sossi , Ingo L. Stotz , Seth A. Jacobson , Alessandro Morbidelli , Hugh St. C. O'Neill

A major motivation of spectroscopic observations of giant exoplanets is to unveil planet formation processes from atmospheric compositions. Several recent studies suggested that atmospheric nitrogen, like carbon and oxygen, can provide…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Kazumasa Ohno , Jonathan J. Fortney

A balanced ratio of ocean to land is believed to be essential for an Earth-like biosphere and one may conjecture that plate-tectonics planets should be similar in geological properties. After all, the volume of continental crust evolves…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-12 Dennis Höning , Tilman Spohn

Glacial cycles redistribute water between oceans and continents causing pressure changes in the upper mantle, with consequences for melting of Earth's interior. Using Plio-Pleistocene sea-level variations as a forcing function, theoretical…

The isotopic ratio of nitrogen measured in primitive Solar System bodies shows a broad range of values, the origin of which remains unknown. One key question is whether these isotopic reservoirs of nitrogen predate the comet formation stage…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-18 Pierre Hily-Blant , Victor Magalhaes de Souza , Joel Kastner , Thierry Forveille

Previous studies of haze formation in the atmosphere of the Early Earth have focused on N$_{2}$/CO$_{2}$/CH$_{4}$ atmospheres. Here, we experimentally investigate the effect of O$_{2}$ on the formation and composition of aerosols to improve…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-18 Sarah M. Hörst , Chao He , Melissa S. Ugelow , A. Mark Jellinek , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert , Margaret A. Tolbert

In this paper, we compare the chemistry and the emission spectra of nitrogen-dominated cool, warm, and hot ultra-short-period (USP) super-Earth atmospheres in and out of chemical equilibrium at various surface pressure scenarios ranging…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Jamila Chouqar , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Zouhair Benkhaldoun , Andrew Szentgyorgyi , Abdelhadi Jabiri , Abderahmane Soubkiou

The dominant form of nitrogen provided to most solar system bodies is currently unknown, though available measurements show that the detected nitrogen in solar system rocks and ices is depleted with respect to solar abundances and the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Kamber R. Schwarz , Edwin A. Bergin