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Magic state distillation uses special codes to suppress errors in input states, which are often tailored to a Clifford-twirled error model. We present detailed measurement sequences for magic state distillation protocols which can suppress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-27 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings

Magic states, by allowing non-Clifford gates through gate teleportation, are important building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computation. Magic state distillation protocols aim to create clean copies of magic states from many noisier…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Heather Leitch , Yingkai Ouyang

The distillation of magic states is an often-cited technique for enabling universal quantum computing once the error probability for a special subset of gates has been made negligible by other means. We present a routine for magic-state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-20 Adam M. Meier , Bryan Eastin , Emanuel Knill

Magic state distillation, a process for preparing magic states needed to implement non-Clifford gates fault-tolerantly, plays a crucial role in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Historically, it has been a major bottleneck, leading to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Yutaka Hirano , Keisuke Fujii

Magic state distillation is a crucial component in the leading approaches to implementing universal fault tolerant quantum computation, with existing protocols for both qubit and higher dimensional systems. Early work focused on determining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Hillary Dawkins , Mark Howard

Magic state distillation is a resource intensive subroutine that consumes noisy input states to produce high-fidelity resource states that are used to perform logical operations in practical quantum-computing architectures. The resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Shraddha Singh , Andrew S. Darmawan , Benjamin J. Brown , Shruti Puri

Magic state distillation, which is a probabilistic process used to generate magic states, plays an important role in universal fault-tolerant quantum computers. On the other hand, to solve interesting problems, we need to run complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Yutaka Hirano , Yasunari Suzuki , Keisuke Fujii

Given stabilizer operations and the ability to repeatedly prepare a single-qubit mixed state rho, can we do universal quantum computation? As motivation for this question, "magic state" distillation procedures can reduce the general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ben W. Reichardt

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a purification protocol that plays a central role in fault tolerant quantum computation. Repeated iteration of the steps of a MSD protocol, generates pure single non-stabilizer states, or magic states, from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-11 Hussain Anwar , Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

Magic states enable universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation within the stabilizer framework. Their non-stabilizerness supplies the resource needed to bypass the Eastin-Knill theorem while allowing fault-tolerant distillation. Although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Muhammad Erew , Moshe Goldstein

We introduce a mixed-state magic criterion, the Triangle Criterion, which plays a role for magic analogous to the Positive Partial Transposition (PPT) Criterion for entanglement: it combines strong detection capability, a clear geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Zhenhuan Liu , Tobias Haug , Qi Ye , Zi-Wen Liu , Ingo Roth

Magic state distillation is an important primitive in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The magic states are pure non-stabilizer states which can be distilled from certain mixed non-stabilizer states via Clifford group operations alone.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

Recently we proposed a family of magic state distillation protocols that obtains asymptotic performance that is conjectured to be optimal. This family depends upon several codes, called "inner codes" and "outer codes." We presented some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-09 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

For certain quantum architectures and algorithms, most of the required resources are consumed during the distillation of one-qubit magic states for use in performing Toffoli gates. I show that the overhead for magic-state distillation can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-27 Bryan Eastin

We develop a procedure for distilling magic states used in universal quantum computing that requires substantially fewer initial resources than prior schemes. Our distillation circuit is based on a family of concatenated quantum codes that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-10 Cody Jones

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a cornerstone of fault-tolerant quantum computing, enabling non-Clifford gates via state injection into stabilizer circuits. However, the substantial overhead of current MSD protocols remains a major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Muhammad Erew , Moshe Goldstein , Yaron Oz , Haim Suchowski

Magic State Distillation is considered to be one of the promising methods for supplying the non-Clifford resources required to achieve universal fault tolerance. Conventional MSD protocols implemented in surface codes often require multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Shifan Xu , Kun Liu , Patrick Rall , Zhiyang He , Yongshan Ding

We present an infinite family of protocols to distill magic states for $T$-gates that has a low space overhead and uses an asymptotic number of input magic states to achieve a given target error that is conjectured to be optimal. The space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

Quantum error correction represents a significant milestone in large-scale quantum computing, with the surface code being a prominent strategy due to its high error threshold and experimental feasibility. However, it is challenging to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Zhi-Cheng He , Zheng-Yuan Xue

Realizing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation is a key goal in quantum information science. By encoding quantum information into logical qubits utilizing quantum error correcting codes, physical errors can be detected and…

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