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In this letter, we present a new procedure to determine completely the complex modular values of arbitrary observables of pre- and post-selected ensembles, which works experimentally for all measurement strengths and all post-selected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-29 Mirko Cormann , Mathilde Remy , Branko Kolaric , Yves Caudano

A density matrix {\rho}(t) yields probabilistic information about the outcome of measurements on a quantum system. We introduce here the past quantum state, which, at time T, accounts for the state of a quantum system at earlier times t <…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-21 Søren Gammelmark , Brian Julsgaard , Klaus Mølmer

We analyze the average of weak values over statistical ensembles of pre- and post-selected states. The protocol of weak values, proposed by Aharonov et al., is the result of a weak measurement conditional on the outcome of a subsequent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-01-18 Alessandro Romito , Yuval Gefen

The weak value exhibits numerous intriguing characteristics, such as values outside the operator spectrum, leading to unexpected phenomena. Nevertheless, the measurement protocol used for measuring the weak value has been the subject of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik , Dorit Aharonov , Eliahu Cohen

Classical-realistic analysis of entangled systems have lead to retrodiction paradoxes, which ordinarily have been dismissed on the grounds of counter-factuality. Instead, we claim that such paradoxes point to a deeper logical structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Yakir Aharonov , Alonso Botero , Sandu Popescu , Benni Reznik , Jeff Tollaksen

Using the quantum transition path time probability distribution we show that time averaging of weak values leads to unexpected results. We prove a weak value time energy uncertainty principle and time energy commutation relation. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Eli Pollak , S. Miret-Artés

In this study, we study weak values from a quantum-logical viewpoint. In addition, we examine the validity of the counterfactual statements of Hardy's paradox, which are based on weak values, and we show that these statements have not been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-23 Riuji Mochizuki

In this chapter we offer an introduction to weak values from a three-fold perspective: first, outlining the protocols that enable their experimental determination; next, deriving their correlates in the quantum formalism and, finally,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Xabier Oianguren-Asua , Albert Solé , Carlos F. Destefani , Xavier Oriols

Weak values are quantities accessed through quantum experiments involving weak measurements and post-selection. It has been shown that 'anomalous' weak values (those lying beyond the eigenvalue range of the corresponding operator) defy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Ravi Kunjwal , Matteo Lostaglio , Matthew F. Pusey

We investigate the estimation of a small interaction parameter from the outcomes of weak quantum measurements implemented by the interaction. The relation of weak values and sensitivity is explained and the different contributions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-23 Holger F. Hofmann , Michael E. Goggin , Marcelo P. Almeida , Marco Barbieri

We use currently available data of nonleptonic charmless 2-body $B\to MM$ decays ($MM = PP, PV, VV$) that are mediated by $b\to (d, s)$ QCD- and QED-penguin operators to study weak annihilation and new-physics effects in the framework of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-09-12 Christoph Bobeth , Martin Gorbahn , Stefan Vickers

The notion of weak measurement provides a formalism for extracting information from a quantum system in the limit of vanishing disturbance to its state. Here we extend this formalism to the measurement of sequences of observables. When…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Graeme Mitchison , Richard Jozsa , Sandu Popescu

A unified conceptual foundation of classical and quantum physics is given, free of undefined terms. Ensembles are defined by extending the `probability via expectation' approach of Whittle to noncommuting quantities. This approach carries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

A which-way measurement destroys the twin-slit interference pattern. Bohr argued that distinguishing between two slits a distance s apart gives the particle a random momentum transfer \wp of order h/s. This was accepted for more than 60…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. L. Garretson , H. M. Wiseman , D. T. Pope , D. T. Pegg

The reconstruction of quantum states from a sufficient set of experimental data can be achieved with arbitrarily weak measurement interactions. Since such weak measurements have negligible back-action, the quantum state reconstruction is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-16 Holger F. Hofmann

This is the mini-review on Dark Matter in the 2012 edition of the Particle Data Group's Review of Particle Properties. After briefly summarizing the arguments in favor of the existence of Dark Matter, we list possible candidates, ranging in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-04-12 Manuel Drees , Gilles Gerbier

In a weak measurement the real and imaginary parts of a weak value participate in the shifts of the complementary variables of a pointer. While the real part represents the value of an observable in the limit of zero measurement strength,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-12 Kazuhiro Yokota

A large literature has grown up around the proposed use of 'weak measurements' (i.e., unsharp measurements followed by post-selection) to allegedly provide information about hidden ontological features of quantum systems. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 R. E. Kastner

Quantum resonance, i.e., amplification in transition probability available under certain conditions, offers a powerful means for determining fundamental quantities in physics, including the time duration of the second adopted in the SI…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Daiki Ueda , Izumi Tsutsui

Weak measurement is a standard measuring procedure with two changes: it is performed on pre- and post-selected quantum systems and the coupling to the measuring device is weakened. The outcomes of weak measurements, ``weak values'' are very…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 Lev Vaidman
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