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Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) have been established as the most populous class of TeV gamma-ray emitters. Since launch, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT)identified five high-energy (100MeV <E< 100 GeV) gamma-ray sources as PWNe, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 F. Acero , M. Ackermann , M. Ajello , A. Allafort , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , G. Barbiellini , D. Bastieri , K. Bechtol , R. Bellazzini , R. D. Blandford , E. D. Bloom , E. Bonamente , E. Bottacini , T. J. Brandt , J. Bregeon , M. Brigida , P. Bruel , R. Buehler , S. Buson , G. A. Caliandro , R. A. Cameron , P. A. Caraveo , C. Cecchi , E. Charles , R. C. G. Chaves , A. Chekhtman , J. Chiang , G. Chiaro , S. Ciprini , R. Claus , J. Cohen-Tanugi , J. Conrad , S. Cutini , M. Dalton , F. D'Ammando , F. de Palma , C. D. Dermer , L. Di Venere , E. do Couto e Silva , P. S. Drell , A. Drlica-Wagner , L. Falletti , C. Favuzzi , S. J. Fegan , E. C. Ferrara , W. B. Focke , A. Franckowiak , Y. Fukazawa , S. Funk , P. Fusco , F. Gargano , D. Gasparrini , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , T. Glanzman , G. Godfrey , T. Grégoire , I. A. Grenier , M. -H. Grondin , J. E. Grove , S. Guiriec , D. Hadasch , Y. Hanabata , A. K. Harding , M. Hayashida , K. Hayashi , E. Hays , J. Hewitt , A. B. Hill , D. Horan , X. Hou , R. E. Hughes , Y. Inoue , M. S. Jackson , T. Jogler , G. Jóhannesson , A. S. Johnson , T. Kamae , T. Kawano , M. Kerr , J. Knödlseder , M. Kuss , J. Lande , S. Larsson , L. Latronico , M. Lemoine-Goumard , F. Longo , F. Loparco , M. N. Lovellette , P. Lubrano , M. Marelli , F. Massaro , M. Mayer , M. N. Mazziotta , J. E. McEnery , J. Mehault , P. F. Michelson , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Mizuno , C. Monte , M. E. Monzani , A. Morselli , I. V. Moskalenko , S. Murgia , T. Nakamori , R. Nemmen , E. Nuss , T. Ohsugi , A. Okumura , M. Orienti , E. Orlando , J. F. Ormes , D. Paneque , J. H. Panetta , J. S. Perkins , M. Pesce-Rollins , F. Piron , G. Pivato , T. A. Porter , S. Rainò , R. Rando , M. Razzano , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , T. Reposeur , S. Ritz , M. Roth , R. Rousseau , P. M. Saz Parkinson , A. Schulz , C. Sgrò , E. J. Siskind , D. A. Smith , G. Spandre , P. Spinelli , D. J. Suson , H. Takahashi , Y. Takeuchi , J. G. Thayer , J. B. Thayer , D. J. Thompson , L. Tibaldo , O. Tibolla , M. Tinivella , D. F. Torres , G. Tosti , E. Troja , Y. Uchiyama , J. Vandenbroucke , V. Vasileiou , G. Vianello , V. Vitale , M. Werner , B. L. Winer , K. S. Wood , Z. Yang

There are at least 125 Galactic pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) that have been discovered from radio wavelengths to TeV gamma-rays, the majority of which were first identified in radio or X-ray surveys. An increasing number of PWNe are being…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-27 Jordan Lynn Eagle

An increasing number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are being identified in the TeV band by ground-based Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes such that they constitute the dominant source class of Galactic TeV emitters. However, MeV-GeV PWN…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-24 Jordan Eagle , Daniel Castro , Wei Zhang , Diego Torres , Jean Ballet , The Fermi-LAT Collaboration

The high sensitivity of the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) offers the first opportunity to study faint and extended GeV sources such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). After one year of observation the LAT detected and identified three pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-01-28 The Fermi LAT Collaboration , Pulsar Timing Consortium

In the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray wave band, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) represent to date the most populous class of Galactic sources. Nevertheless, the details of the energy conversion mechanisms in the vicinity of pulsars are not…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 S. Carrigan , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , K. Kosack , T. Lohse , O. Reimer

The most numerous source class that emerged from the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey are Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe). The 2013 reanalysis of this survey, undertaken after almost 10 years of observations, provides us with the most sensitive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 S. Klepser , S. Carrigan , E. de Oña Wilhelmi , C. Deil , A. Förster , V. Marandon , M. Mayer , K. Stycz , K. Valerius

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) constitute the largest population of Galactic very-high-energy (VHE; $E > 100$ GeV) $\gamma$-ray sources and are key laboratories for studying particle acceleration and pulsar--supernova remnant (SNR)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-18 A. De Sarkar , D. F. Torres , B. Olmi , N. Bucciantini , D. M. -A. Meyer

The number of plausible associations of extended VHE (TeV) sources with pulsars has been steadily growing, suggesting that many of these sources are pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Here we overview the recent progress in X-ray and TeV…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-07-09 Oleg Kargaltsev , George G. Pavlov , Martin Durant

Pulsars and their pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are unique laboratories for extreme astrophysical processes. This dissertation combines Fermi-LAT observations with a time-dependent leptonic PWN model (TIDE) to explore their gamma-ray emission.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-17 Wei Zhang

Many of the recently discovered galactic very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray sources are associated with Pulsar Wind Nebulae, which is the most populous Galactic source category at TeV energies. The extended synchrotron nebulae of these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 A. Konopelko

We review properties of Galactic VHE sources detected at TeV energies. The number of associations between the VHE sources and pulsars has grown in recent years, making pulsar-wind nebulae the dominant population, although there is still a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-14 Oleg Kargaltsev , Blagoy Rangelov , George G. Pavlov

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) represent the largest class of sources that upcoming {\gamma}-ray surveys will detect. Therefore, accurate modelling of their global emission properties is one of the most urgent problems in high-energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-19 M. Fiori , B. Olmi , E. Amato , R. Bandiera , N. Bucciantini , L. Zampieri , A. Burtovoi

Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) shine at multi-wavelengths and are expected to constitute the largest class of gamma-ray sources in our Galaxy. They are known to be very efficient particle accelerators: the Crab nebula, the PWNe class prototype,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-27 Barbara Olmi

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), especially the young ones, are among the most energetic astrophysical sources in the Galaxy. It is usually believed that the spin-down energy injected from the pulsars is converted into magnetic field and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-16 Xuan-Han Liang , Xiao-Bin Chen , Ben Li , Ruo-Yu Liu , Xiang-Yu Wang

The Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN) 3C 58 is energized by one of the highest spin-down power pulsars known (5% of Crab pulsar) and it has been compared to the Crab Nebula due to their morphological similarities. This object was detected by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-07 O. Blanch Bigas , R. Lopez , E. Carmona , MAGIC Collaboration , M. A. Pérez-Torres

The increasing sensitivity of instruments at X-ray and TeV energies have revealed a large number of nebulae associated with bright pulsars. Despite this large data set, the observed pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) do not show a uniform behavior…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-02-25 Diego F. Torres , Analía Cillis , Jonatan Martín , Emma de Oña Wilhelmi

Very high-energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) gamma-rays have been detected from a wide range of astronomical objects, such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), supernova remnants (SNRs), giant molecular clouds, gamma-ray binaries, the Galactic Center,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-13 P. H. Thomas Tam , Stefan Wagner , Omar Tibolla , Ryan Chaves

Pulsars are rapidly-rotating neutron stars born out of the death of stars. A diffuse nebula is formed when particles stream from these neutron stars and interact with the ambient medium. These pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are visible across…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-01-28 Joshua Lande

The evolution of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) plays a crucial role in interpreting the very high energy (VHE; > 10^11 eV) gamma-ray unidentified sources; and moreover it represents the only viable option to explain the discovery of several…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-07-01 Omar Tibolla , Michael Vorster , Sarah Kaufmann , Stefan Ferreira , Karl Mannheim

Many of the recently discovered TeV gamma-ray sources are associated with pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). In fact, they represent the most populous class of Galactic sources at TeV energies. In addition, HESS has also discovered, in a survey of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Chulhoon Chang , Alexander Konopelko , Wei Cui
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