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Research shows that over the last decade, malware has been growing exponentially, causing substantial financial losses to various organizations. Different anti-malware companies have been proposing solutions to defend attacks from these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Hemant Rathore , Swati Agarwal , Sanjay K. Sahay , Mohit Sewak

Dynamic malware analysis executes the program in an isolated environment and monitors its run-time behaviour (e.g. system API calls) for malware detection. This technique has been proven to be effective against various code obfuscation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Zhaoqi Zhang , Panpan Qi , Wei Wang

The convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is increasingly being applied to new domains, such as malware detection, where it is able to learn malicious behavior from raw bytes extracted from executables. These architectures reach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Octavian Suciu , Scott E. Coull , Jeffrey Johns

Machine learning (ML) has been widely used to analyze API call sequences in malware analysis, which typically requires the expertise of domain specialists to extract relevant features from raw data. The extracted features play a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tianheng Qu , Hongsong Zhu , Limin Sun , Haining Wang , Haiqiang Fei , Zheng He , Zhi Li

Machine learning is a popular approach to signatureless malware detection because it can generalize to never-before-seen malware families and polymorphic strains. This has resulted in its practical use for either primary detection engines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Hyrum S. Anderson , Anant Kharkar , Bobby Filar , David Evans , Phil Roth

Machine learning has become an appealing signature-less approach to detect and classify malware because of its ability to generalize to never-before-seen samples and to handle large volumes of data. While traditional feature-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daniel Gibert , Carles Mateu , Jordi Planes , Quan Le

Detecting PE malware files is now commonly approached using statistical and machine learning models. While these models commonly use features extracted from the structure of PE files, we propose that icons from these files can also help…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Pedro Silva , Sepehr Akhavan-Masouleh , Li Li

Network and system security are incredibly critical issues now. Due to the rapid proliferation of malware, traditional analysis methods struggle with enormous samples. In this paper, we propose four easy-to-extract and small-scale features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhenshuo Chen , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

With the increasing extent of malware attacks in the present day along with the difficulty in detecting modern malware, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for malware classification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Akhil M R , Adithya Krishna V Sharma , Harivardhan Swamy , Pavan A , Ashray Shetty , Anirudh B Sathyanarayana

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

Ontologies are a standard tool for creating semantic schemata in many knowledge intensive domains of human interest. They are becoming increasingly important also in the areas that have been until very recently dominated by subsymbolic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Peter Švec , Štefan Balogh , Martin Homola , Ján Kľuka , Tomáš Bisták , Peter Anthony

Existing research on malware detection focuses almost exclusively on the detection rate. However, in some cases, it is also important to understand the results of our algorithm, or to obtain more information, such as where to investigate in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Tony Quertier , Grégoire Barrué

Detection of unknown malware with high accuracy is always a challenging task. Therefore, in this paper, we study the classification of unknown malware by two methods. In the first/regular method, similar to other authors [17][16][20]…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Ashu Sharma , Sanjay K. Sahay , Abhishek Kumar

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being applied in malware detection and their robustness has been widely debated. Traditionally an adversarial example generation scheme relies on either detailed model information (gradient-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Sun RuiJin , Guo ShiZe , Guo JinHong , Xing ChangYou , Yang LuMing , Guo Xi , Pan ZhiSong

In this paper, we consider the problem of malware detection and classification based on image analysis. We convert executable files to images and apply image recognition using deep learning (DL) models. To train these models, we employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Niket Bhodia , Pratikkumar Prajapati , Fabio Di Troia , Mark Stamp

Analysing malware is important to understand how malicious software works and to develop appropriate detection and prevention methods. Dynamic analysis can overcome evasion techniques commonly used to bypass static analysis and provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Baskoro Adi Pratomo , Toby Jackson , Pete Burnap , Andrew Hood , Eirini Anthi

Motivated by the transformative impact of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various domains, researchers and anti-virus vendors have proposed DNNs for malware detection from raw bytes that do not require manual feature engineering. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Keane Lucas , Mahmood Sharif , Lujo Bauer , Michael K. Reiter , Saurabh Shintre

Malware detection is a critical aspect of information security. One difficulty that arises is that malware often evolves over time. To maintain effective malware detection, it is necessary to determine when malware evolution has occurred so…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Sunhera Paul , Mark Stamp

Most behavioral detectors of malware remain specific to a given language and platform, mostly PE executables for Windows. The objective of this paper is to define a generic approach for behavioral detection based on two layers respectively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-02-03 Gregoire Jacob , Herve Debar , Eric Filiol

Malware has been one of the most damaging threats to computers that span across multiple operating systems and various file formats. To defend against ever-increasing and ever-evolving malware, tremendous efforts have been made to propose a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xiang Ling , Lingfei Wu , Jiangyu Zhang , Zhenqing Qu , Wei Deng , Xiang Chen , Yaguan Qian , Chunming Wu , Shouling Ji , Tianyue Luo , Jingzheng Wu , Yanjun Wu