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Password management has long been a persistently challenging task. This led to the introduction of password management software, which has been around for at least 25 years in various forms, including desktop and browser-based applications.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Efstratios Chatzoglou , Vyron Kampourakis , Zisis Tsiatsikas , Georgios Karopoulos , Georgios Kambourakis

The widespread usage of password authentication in online websites leads to an ever-increasing concern, especially when considering the possibility for an attacker to recover the user password by leveraging the loopholes in the password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Simone Raponi , Roberto Di Pietro

Encrypted cloud storage services are steadily increasing in popularity, with many commercial solutions currently available. In such solutions, the cloud storage is trusted for data availability, but not for confidentiality. Additionally,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Anders Dalskov , Daniele Lain , Enis Ulqinaku , Kari Kostiainen , Srdjan Capkun

To encourage users to use stronger and more secure passwords, modern web browsers offer users password management services, allowing users to save previously entered passwords locally onto their hard drives. We present Lupin, a tool that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Raul Gonzalez , Eric Y. Chen , Collin Jackson

Password managers provide significant security benefits to users. However, malicious client-side scripts and browser extensions can steal passwords after the manager has autofilled them into the web page. In this paper, we extend prior work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Anuj Gautam , Tarun Yadav , Garrett Smith , Kent Seamons , Scott Ruoti

Leaked passwords from data breaches can pose a serious threat to users if the password is reused elsewhere. With more online services getting breached today, there is still a lack of large-scale quantitative understanding of the risks of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Chun Wang , Steve T. K. Jan , Hang Hu , Gang Wang

Public key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) represents a significant advancement of secure and searchable data sharing in public network systems, such as medical systems. It can effectively mitigate the risk of keyword…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jiayin Cai , Xingwen Zhao , Dexin Li , Hui Li , Kai Fan

Passwords are the most common mechanism for authenticating users online. However, studies have shown that users find it difficult to create and manage secure passwords. To that end, passphrases are often recommended as a usable alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Avirup Mukherjee , Kousshik Murali , Shivam Kumar Jha , Niloy Ganguly , Rahul Chatterjee , Mainack Mondal

It is practically impossible for users to memorize a large portfolio of strong and individual passwords for their online accounts. A solution is to generate passwords randomly and store them. Yet, storing passwords instead of memorizing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-27 Moritz Horsch , Johannes Braun , Dominique Metz , Johannes Buchmann

In recent years, numerous incidents involving the leakage of website accounts and text passwords (referred to as passwords) have raised significant concerns regarding the potential exposure of personal information. These events underscore…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Abel C. H. Chen

In the distributed environment, authentication and key exchange mechanisms play a major role. In general, for authentication, the client and the server mutually exchange a common cryptographic key. In earlier, passwords were stored on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-14 D Siva Santosh Kumar , Dasari Kalyani

Passkeys have recently emerged as a passwordless authentication mechanism, yet their usability in captive portals remains unexplored. This paper presents an empirical, comparative usability study of passkeys and passwords in a Wi-Fi hotspot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Martiño Rivera-Dourado , Rubén Pérez-Jove , Alejandro Pazos , Jose Vázquez-Naya

Web browsers provide the security foundation for our online experiences. Significant research has been done into the security of browsers themselves, but relatively little investigation has been done into how they interact with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Dolière Francis Somé , Moaz Airan , Zakir Durumeric , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu

Modern web and digital application password storage relies on password hashing for storage and security. Ad-hoc upgrade of password storage to keep up with hash algorithm norms may be used to save costs but can introduce unforeseen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Thomas Rivasseau

The choice of password composition policy to enforce on a password-protected system represents a critical security decision, and has been shown to significantly affect the vulnerability of user-chosen passwords to guessing attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Saul Johnson , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Julien Cordry

Implicit authentication consists of a server authenticating a user based on the user's usage profile, instead of/in addition to relying on something the user explicitly knows (passwords, private keys, etc.). While implicit authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Josep Domingo-Ferrer , Qianhong Wu , Alberto Blanco-Justicia

Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, and networks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts can handle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system. However, most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Hans-Joachim Hof

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

System prompts are widely used to guide the outputs of large language models (LLMs). These prompts often contain business logic and sensitive information, making their protection essential. However, adversarial and even regular user queries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhifeng Jiang , Zhihua Jin , Guoliang He

Security has become a significant concern with the increased popularity of cloud storage services. It comes with the vulnerability of being accessed by third parties. Security is one of the major hurdles in the cloud server for the user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Mazharul Islam