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Thermalization is the dynamical process by which a many-body system evolves toward a thermal equilibrium state that maximizes its entropy. In certain cases, however, the establishment of thermal equilibrium is significantly slowed down and…
Non-equilibrium phase coexistence is commonly observed in both biological and artificial systems, yet understanding it remains a significant challenge. Unlike equilibrium systems, where free energy provides a unifying framework, the absence…
When a generic quantum system is prepared in a simple initial condition, it typically equilibrates toward a state that can be described by a thermal ensemble. A known exception are localized systems which are non-ergodic and do not…
Granular simulations are used to probe the particle scale dynamics at short, intermediate, and long time scales for gravity driven, dense granular flows down an inclined plane. On approach to the angle of repose, where motion ceases, the…
The fact that macroscopic systems approach thermal equilibrium may seem puzzling, for example, because it may seem to conflict with the time-reversibility of the microscopic dynamics. We here prove that in a macroscopic quantum system for a…
Thermal contact is the archetype of non-equilibrium processes driven by constant non-equilibrium constraints when the latter are enforced by reservoirs exchanging conserved microscopic quantities. At a mesoscopic scale only the energies of…
We revisit the one-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising spin-chain with a finite number of spins and periodic boundaries and derive analytically and verify numerically its various stationary and dynamical properties at different temperatures. In…
Thermoresponsive microgels find widespread use as colloidal model systems, because their temperature-dependent size allows facile tuning of their volume fraction "in situ". However, an interaction potential unifying their behavior across…
The role of thermodynamics in the evolution of systems evolving under purely gravitational forces is not completely established. Both the infinite range and singularity in the Newtonian force law preclude the use of standard techniques.…
We study a process of pattern formation for a generic model of species anchored to the nodes of a network where local reactions take place, and that experience non-reciprocal long-range interactions, encoded by the network directed links.…
We consider non-equilibrium phenomena in a very simple model that displays a zero-temperature first-order phase transition. The quantum Ising model with a four-spin exchange is adopted as a general representative of first-order quantum…
It is shown that the partial temperatures of a homogeneous multicomponent gas mixture in the thermodynamical equilibrium cannot be equal to each other. New general solutions for equilibrium distribution functions of the multicomponent…
We investigate the cooperative effects of a single finite chain of monomers near an attractive substrate by first constructing a conformational pseudo-phase diagram based on the thermal fluctuations of energetic and structural quantities.…
Equilibrium statistical mechanics provides a robust framework for characterizing phase transitions in systems whose microsopic dynamics are time-reversible. Efforts to develop and validate theoretical frameworks for time-irreversible,…
We explore the possibility of obtaining unidirectional current in a symmetric (periodic) potential system without the application of any obvious (apparent) externally applied bias. There are many physical models proposed to accomplish this…
Self-gravitating systems are expected to reach a statistical equilibrium state either through collisional relaxation or violent collisionless relaxation. However, a maximum entropy state does not always exist and the system may undergo a…
The variational argument is presented to establish the attainability of homogeneity of degree one in the number of particles for any functional $F[n, f]$ that depends on both the state variable $f$ and the particle count $n$. Euler's…
We study first-order phase transitions in a two-temperature system, where due to the time-scale separation all the basic thermodynamical quantities (free energy, entropy, etc) are well-defined. The sign of the latent heat is found to be…
We study stochastic particle systems with stationary product measures that exhibit a condensation transition due to particle interactions or spatial inhomogeneities. We review previous work on the stationary behaviour and put it in the…
Based on quasi-stationary distribution ideas, a general finite size scaling theory is proposed for discontinuous nonequilibrium phase transitions into absorbing states. Analogously to the equilibrium case, we show that quantities such as,…