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This paper considers the challenging computational task of estimating nested expectations. Existing algorithms, such as nested Monte Carlo or multilevel Monte Carlo, are known to be consistent but require a large number of samples at both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-05 Zonghao Chen , Masha Naslidnyk , François-Xavier Briol

In this article the issues are discussed with the Bayesian approach, least-square fits, and most-likely fits. Trying to counter these issues, a method, based on weighted confidence, is proposed for estimating probabilities and other…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-26 Fetze Pijlman

We study stochastic gradient descent for solving conditional stochastic optimization problems, in which an objective to be minimized is given by a parametric nested expectation with an outer expectation taken with respect to one random…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Takashi Goda , Wataru Kitade

Given an imprecise probabilistic model over a continuous space, computing lower/upper expectations is often computationally hard to achieve, even in simple cases. Because expectations are essential in decision making and risk analysis,…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-06-09 L. Utkin , S. Destercke

Performing numerical integration when the integrand itself cannot be evaluated point-wise is a challenging task that arises in statistical analysis, notably in Bayesian inference for models with intractable likelihood functions. Markov…

Computation · Statistics 2020-06-17 Lawrence Middleton , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet , Pierre E. Jacob

We develop a Bayesian inference method for diffusions observed discretely and with noise, which is free of discretisation bias. Unlike existing unbiased inference methods, our method does not rely on exact simulation techniques. Instead,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-10 Neil K. Chada , Jordan Franks , Ajay Jasra , Kody J. H. Law , Matti Vihola

We introduce a Bayesian framework for inference with a supervised version of the Gaussian process latent variable model. The framework overcomes the high correlations between latent variables and hyperparameters by using an unbiased pseudo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-29 Charles Gadd , Sara Wade , Akeel Shah , Dimitris Grammatopoulos

We consider a binary unsupervised classification problem where each observation is associated with an unobserved label that we want to retrieve. More precisely, we assume that there are two groups of observation: normal and abnormal. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-05-05 Stevenn Volant , Marie-Laure Martin Magniette , Stéphane Robin

We consider the development of unbiased estimators, to approximate the stationary distribution of Mckean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (MVSDEs). These are an important class of processes, which frequently appear in applications…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Elsiddig Awadelkarim , Neil K. Chada , Ajay Jasra

When evaluating and comparing models using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV), the uncertainty of the estimate is typically assessed using the variance of the sampling distribution. Considering the uncertainty is important, as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-16 Tuomas Sivula , Måns Magnusson , Aki Vehtari

Given an implicit $n\times n$ matrix $A$ with oracle access $x^TA x$ for any $x\in \mathbb{R}^n$, we study the query complexity of randomized algorithms for estimating the trace of the matrix. This problem has many applications in quantum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-05-29 Karl Wimmer , Yi Wu , Peng Zhang

We present general principles for the design and analysis of unbiased Monte Carlo estimators in a wide range of settings. Our estimators posses finite work-normalized variance under mild regularity conditions. We apply our estimators to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Jose H. Blanchet , Peter W. Glynn , Yanan Pei

We propose a fast and theoretically grounded method for Bayesian variable selection and model averaging in latent variable regression models. Our framework addresses three interrelated challenges: (i) intractable marginal likelihoods, (ii)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Gregor Zens , Mark F. J. Steel

We propose a new \textit{quadratic programming-based} method of approximating a nonstandard density using a multivariate Gaussian density. Such nonstandard densities usually arise while developing posterior samplers for unobserved…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-14 Abhishek K. Umrawal , Joshua C. C. Chan

Standard variational lower bounds used to train latent variable models produce biased estimates of most quantities of interest. We introduce an unbiased estimator of the log marginal likelihood and its gradients for latent variable models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Yucen Luo , Alex Beatson , Mohammad Norouzi , Jun Zhu , David Duvenaud , Ryan P. Adams , Ricky T. Q. Chen

For rare events described in terms of Markov processes, truly unbiased estimation of the rare event probability generally requires the avoidance of numerical approximations of the Markov process. Recent work in the exact and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-08 James Hodgson , Adam M. Johansen , Murray Pollock

We consider the problem of estimating the means $\mu_i$ of $n$ random variables $Y_i \sim N(\mu_i,1)$, $i=1,\ldots ,n$. Assuming some structure on the $\mu$ process, e.g., a state space model, one may use a summary statistics for the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-05 E. Greenshtein , A. Mansura , Y. Ritov

Given an i.i.d. sample drawn from some probability distribution on a finite set, the best (in the sense of least variance) linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of the average of any quantity with respect to that distribution is the sample…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Bastiaan J. Braams

In this paper the filtering of partially observed diffusions, with discrete-time observations, is considered. It is assumed that only biased approximations of the diffusion can be obtained, for choice of an accuracy parameter indexed by…

Computation · Statistics 2015-10-19 Ajay Jasra , Kengo Kamatani , Kody J. H. Law , Yan Zhou

This paper focuses on the estimation of partially observed branching processes. First, the estimators from a frequentist perspective proposed in the literature are reviewed. The main objective of this paper is to present computational tools…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-21 Miguel González , Inés M. del Puerto , Manuel Serrano-Pastor