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A popular method of force-directed graph drawing is multidimensional scaling using graph-theoretic distances as input. We present an algorithm to minimize its energy function, known as stress, by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Jonathan X. Zheng , Samraat Pawar , Dan F. M. Goodman

In the machine learning literature stochastic gradient descent has recently been widely discussed for its purported implicit regularization properties. Much of the theory, that attempts to clarify the role of noise in stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Alberto Lanconelli , Christopher S. A. Lauria

In this note we give a simple proof for the convergence of stochastic gradient (SGD) methods on $\mu$-convex functions under a (milder than standard) $L$-smoothness assumption. We show that for carefully chosen stepsizes SGD converges after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sebastian U. Stich

Stochastic gradient descent updates parameters with summation gradient computed from a random data batch. This summation will lead to unbalanced training process if the data we obtained is unbalanced. To address this issue, this paper takes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Tao Yi , Xingxuan Wang

In this paper, we propose a proximal stochasitc gradient algorithm (PSGA) for solving composite optimization problems by incorporating variance reduction techniques and an adaptive step-size strategy. In the PSGA method, the objective…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Changjie Fang , Hao Yang , Shenglan Chen

Iterative procedures for parameter estimation based on stochastic gradient descent allow the estimation to scale to massive data sets. However, in both theory and practice, they suffer from numerical instability. Moreover, they are…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-08 Panos Toulis , Dustin Tran , Edoardo M. Airoldi

We formulate and study a general family of (continuous-time) stochastic dynamics for accelerated first-order minimization of smooth convex functions. Building on an averaging formulation of accelerated mirror descent, we propose a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-20 Walid Krichene , Peter L. Bartlett

We consider a generic empirical composition optimization problem, where there are empirical averages present both outside and inside nonlinear loss functions. Such a problem is of interest in various machine learning applications, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Adithya M. Devraj , Jianshu Chen

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) performed in an asynchronous manner plays a crucial role in training large-scale machine learning models. However, the generalization performance of asynchronous delayed SGD, which is an essential metric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xiaoge Deng , Li Shen , Shengwei Li , Tao Sun , Dongsheng Li , Dacheng Tao

In this paper, we examine the long-run distribution of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in general, non-convex problems. Specifically, we seek to understand which regions of the problem's state space are more likely to be visited by SGD,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Waïss Azizian , Franck Iutzeler , Jérôme Malick , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

We study a distributed consensus-based stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm and show that the rate of convergence involves the spectral properties of two matrices: the standard spectral gap of a weight matrix from the network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-02 Avleen S. Bijral , Anand D. Sarwate , Nathan Srebro

Stochastic nested optimization, including stochastic compositional, min-max and bilevel optimization, is gaining popularity in many machine learning applications. While the three problems share the nested structure, existing works often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-28 Tianyi Chen , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

We prove convergence of a single time-scale stochastic subgradient method with subgradient averaging for constrained problems with a nonsmooth and nonconvex objective function having the property of generalized differentiability. As a tool…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Andrzej Ruszczynski

This paper presents an algorithmic framework for solving unconstrained stochastic optimization problems using only stochastic function evaluations. We employ central finite-difference based gradient estimation methods to approximate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Raghu Bollapragada , Cem Karamanli

Gradient clipping is a popular modification to standard (stochastic) gradient descent, at every iteration limiting the gradient norm to a certain value $c >0$. It is widely used for example for stabilizing the training of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Anastasia Koloskova , Hadrien Hendrikx , Sebastian U. Stich

Provably solving stochastic convex optimization problems with constraints is essential for various problems in science, business, and statistics. Recently proposed XOR-Stochastic Gradient Descent (XOR-SGD) provides a convergence rate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-23 Fan Ding , Yijie Wang , Jianzhu Ma , Yexiang Xue

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its momentum variants (Polyak Heavy-Ball and Nesterov) for tracking time-varying optima under strong convexity and smoothness. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Sharan Sahu , Cameron J. Hogan , Martin T. Wells

Gaussian processes are a powerful framework for quantifying uncertainty and for sequential decision-making but are limited by the requirement of solving linear systems. In general, this has a cubic cost in dataset size and is sensitive to…

The computer algebra routines documented here empower you to reproduce and check many of the details described by an article on large deviations for slow-fast stochastic systems [abs:1001.4826]. We consider a 'small' spatial domain with two…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-04-23 A. J. Roberts

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) based methods have been widely used for training large-scale machine learning models that also generalize well in practice. Several explanations have been offered for this generalization performance, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Yikai Zhang , Wenjia Zhang , Sammy Bald , Vamsi Pingali , Chao Chen , Mayank Goswami