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The prior distribution for the unknown model parameters plays a crucial role in the process of statistical inference based on Bayesian methods. However, specifying suitable priors is often difficult even when detailed prior knowledge is…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-18 Marcelo Hartmann , Georgi Agiashvili , Paul Bürkner , Arto Klami

Specification of the prior distribution for a Bayesian model is a central part of the Bayesian workflow for data analysis, but it is often difficult even for statistical experts. In principle, prior elicitation transforms domain knowledge…

Background: The uptake of formalized prior elicitation from experts in Bayesian clinical trials has been limited due to challenges such as complex statistical modeling, lack of practical tools, and the cognitive burden placed on experts…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-15 Yongdong Ouyang , Janice J Eng , Denghuang Zhan , Hubert Wong , The WnW Research Team

A central characteristic of Bayesian statistics is the ability to consistently incorporate prior knowledge into various modeling processes. In this paper, we focus on translating domain expert knowledge into corresponding prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-16 Florence Bockting , Stefan T. Radev , Paul-Christian Bürkner

This article introduces a new method for eliciting prior distributions from experts. The method models an expert decision-making process to infer a prior probability distribution for a rare event $A$. More specifically, assuming there…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-17 Julia R. Falconer , Eibe Frank , Devon L. L. Polaschek , Chaitanya Joshi

Pharmaceutical companies regularly need to make decisions about drug development programs based on the limited knowledge from early stage clinical trials. In this situation, eliciting the judgements of experts is an attractive approach for…

A statistical method for the elicitation of priors in Bayesian generalised linear models (GLMs) and extensions is proposed. Probabilistic predictions are elicited from the expert to parametrise a multivariate t prior distribution for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Geoffrey R. Hosack

Eliciting informative prior distributions for Bayesian inference can often be complex and challenging. While popular methods rely on asking experts probability based questions to quantify uncertainty, these methods are not without their…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-11 Julia R. Falconer , Eibe Frank , Devon L. L. Polaschek , Chaitanya Joshi

Recent work [ 14 ] has introduced a method for prior elicitation that utilizes records of expert decisions to infer a prior distribution. While this method provides a promising approach to eliciting expert uncertainty, it has only been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Julia R. Falconer , Eibe Frank , Devon L. L. Polaschek , Chaitanya Joshi

Quantitative decision-making (QDM) principles address the issues related to the mapping of results to decisions, the synthesis of information and the quantification of uncertainty. Since the clinical drug development involves a succession…

Prior probabilities of clinical hypotheses are not systematically used for clinical trial design yet, due to a concern that poor priors may lead to poor decisions. To address this concern, a conservative approach to Bayesian trial design is…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-21 Fabio Rigat

In the Bayesian framework power prior distributions are increasingly adopted in clinical trials and similar studies to incorporate external and past information, typically to inform the parameter associated to a treatment effect. Their use…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-12 Roberto Macrì Demartino , Leonardo Egidi , Nicola Torelli , Ioannis Ntzoufras

The assurance method is growing in popularity in clinical trial planning. The method involves eliciting a prior distribution for the treatment effect, and then calculating the probability that a proposed trial will produce a `successful'…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-30 Ziyad A. Alhussain , Jeremy E. Oakley

Research and Development is the largest budget position in the pharmaceutical industry, with clinical trials being a critical, yet costly and time-consuming component to inform decisions. Beyond drug efficacy, the probability of success and…

In Bayesian analysis, prior elicitation, or the process of facilitating the expression of one's beliefs to inform statistical modeling, is an essential yet challenging step. Analysts often have beliefs about real-world variables and their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuwei Xiao , Shuai Ma , Antti Oulasvirta , Eunice Jun

The specification of prior distributions is fundamental in Bayesian inference, yet it remains a significant bottleneck. The prior elicitation process is often a manual, subjective, and unscalable task. We propose a novel framework which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yongchao Huang

This study examines the application of Bayesian approach in the context of clinical trials, emphasizing their increasing importance in contemporary biomedical research. While conventional frequentist approach provides a foundational basis…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-16 Paramahansa Pramanik , Arnab Kumar Maity , Anjan Mandal , Haley Kate Robinson

Subjective Bayesian prior distributions elicited from experts can be aggregated together to form group priors. This paper compares aggregated priors formed by Equal Weight Aggregation, the Classical Method, and the Sheffield Elicitation…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-29 Cameron J. Williams , Kevin J. Wilson , Nina Wilson

Scientific experiments are usually expensive due to complex experimental preparation and processing. Experimental design is therefore involved with the task of finding the optimal experimental input that results in the desirable output by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-27 Cheng Li , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Vu Nguyen , Antonio Robles-Kelly , Svetha Venkatesh

Background: Pairwise and network meta-analyses using fixed effect and random effects models are commonly applied to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials. The models differ in their assumptions and the interpretation of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-04 Shijie Ren , Jeremy E. Oakley , John W. Stevens
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