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Decision trees are widely used for interpretable machine learning due to their clearly structured reasoning process. However, this structure belies a challenge we refer to as predictive equivalence: a given tree's decision boundary can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Hayden McTavish , Zachery Boner , Jon Donnelly , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

We introduce a novel interpretable tree based algorithm for prediction in a regression setting. Our motivation is to estimate the unknown regression function from a functional decomposition perspective in which the functional components…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-04 Munir Hiabu , Enno Mammen , Joseph T. Meyer

Decision trees and systems of decision rules are widely used as classifiers, as a means for knowledge representation, and as algorithms. They are among the most interpretable models for data analysis. The study of the relationships between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Kerven Durdymyradov , Mikhail Moshkov

We demonstrate the versatility of the tangle-tree duality theorem for abstract separation systems by using it to prove tree-of-tangles theorems. This approach allows us to strengthen some of the existing tree-of-tangles theorems by bounding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Christian Elbracht , Jay Lilian Kneip , Maximilian Teegen

Probing has become an important tool for analyzing representations in Natural Language Processing (NLP). For graphical NLP tasks such as dependency parsing, linear probes are currently limited to extracting undirected or unlabeled parse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank

In this note we give a proof-by-formula of certain important embedding inequalities on dyadic tree. This is done with the help of Bellman function. We also consider the case of a bi-tree, where a different approach is explained.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-12-20 Nicola Arcozzi , Irina Holmes , Pavel Mozolyako , Alexander Volberg

Let $T$ be a weighted tree. The weight of a subtree $T_1$ of $T$ is defined as the product of weights of vertices and edges of $T_1$. We obtain a linear-time algorithm to count the sum of weights of subtrees of $T$. As applications, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Weigen Yan , Yeong-Nan Yeh

Phylogenetic trees elucidate evolutionary relationships among species, but phylogenetic inference remains challenging due to the complexity of combining continuous (branch lengths) and discrete parameters (tree topology). Traditional Markov…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-30 ChenRui Duan , Zelin Zang , Siyuan Li , Yongjie Xu , Stan Z. Li

Motivated by the properties of the descent polynomials, which enumerate permutations of $S_n$ with a fixed descent set, we define descent polynomials for labeled rooted trees. We give recursive and explicit formulas for these polynomials…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-02 Svetlana Poznanović , Maria Rodriguez Hertz , Solomon Valore-Caplan , David Wichmann

Relation Extraction (RE) is one of the fundamental tasks in Information Extraction and Natural Language Processing. Dependency trees have been shown to be a very useful source of information for this task. The current deep learning models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Amir Pouran Ben Veyseh , Thien Huu Nguyen , Dejing Dou

This paper considers limit theorems associated with subgraph counts in the age-dependent random connection model. First, we identify regimes where the count of sub-trees converges weakly to a stable random variable under suitable…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Christian Hirsch , Takashi Owada

We consider the genealogy tree for a critical branching process conditioned on non-extinction. We enumerate vertices in each generation of the tree so that for each two generations one can define a monotone map describing the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-08-27 Yuri Bakhtin

We consider the problem of computing the measure of a regular language of infinite binary trees. While the general case remains unsolved, we show that the measure of a language defined by a first-order formula with no descendant relation or…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Marcin Przybyłko

We consider the task of learning Ising models when the signs of different random variables are flipped independently with possibly unequal, unknown probabilities. In this paper, we focus on the problem of robust estimation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-11 Ashish Katiyar , Vatsal Shah , Constantine Caramanis

Regular tree grammars and regular path expressions constitute core constructs widely used in programming languages and type systems. Nevertheless, there has been little research so far on frameworks for reasoning about path expressions…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-08-31 Everardo Barcenas , Pierre Geneves , Nabil Layaida , Alan Schmitt

The varying-coefficient model is a strong tool for the modelling of interactions in generalized regression. It is easy to apply if both the variables that are modified as well as the effect modifiers are known. However, in general one has a…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-25 Moritz Berger , Gerhard Tutz , Matthias Schmid

This paper extends the study of fringe trees in random plane trees with a given degree statistic. While previous work established the asymptotic normality of the count of fringe trees isomorphic to a fixed tree, we investigate the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Gabriel Berzunza Ojeda , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

Consider an experiment involving a potentially small number of subjects. Some random variables are observed on each subject: a high-dimensional one called the "observed" random variable, and a one-dimensional one called the "outcome" random…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-15 Tarun Yellamraju , Mireille Boutin

We provide a short combinatorial proof of Cayley's formula by means of a bijective map to an outcome space of an urn-drawing problem. Furthermore we introduce an algebraic structure on the set of labeled trees, which provides a more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-01 Victor N. Ermolaev , Giulio Iacobelli

We give a formula for the bivariate generating function of a stationary 1-dependent counting process in terms of its run probability generating function, with a probabilistic proof. The formula reduces to the well known bivariate generating…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-19 Jim Pitman , Zhiyi You