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The spatial rock-paper-scissors ecosystem, where three species interact cyclically, is a model example of how spatial structure can maintain biodiversity. We here consider such a system for a broad range of interaction rates. When one…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-06-21 Jeppe Juul , Kim Sneppen , Joachim Mathiesen

The formation of out-of-equilibrium patterns is a characteristic feature of spatially-extended, biodiverse, ecological systems. Intriguing examples are provided by cyclic competition of species, as metaphorically described by the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2008-08-31 Tobias Reichenbach , Mauro Mobilia , Erwin Frey

We study a five-species cyclic system wherein individuals of one species strategically adapt their movements to enhance their performance in the spatial rock-paper-scissors game. Environmental cues enable the awareness of the presence of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-05 R. Barbalho , S. Rodrigues , M. Tenorio , J. Menezes

If rock beats scissors and scissors beat paper, one might assume that rock beats paper too. But this is not the case for intransitive relationships that make up the famous rock-paper-scissors game. However, the sole presence of paper might…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-11-18 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

We investigate the scale-free behavior of the spatial rock-paper-scissors model with May-Leonard dynamics, analyzing specific quantifiers that engender the power-law feature. The main results show that an important parameter that drives the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-08 D. Bazeia , M. Bongestab , M. J. B. Ferreira , B. F. de Oliveira , J. E. B. Santos

Recurrence plots and their associated quantifiers provide a robust framework for detecting and characterising complex patterns in non-linear time-series. In this paper, we employ recurrence quantification analysis to investigate the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-29 M. S. Palmero , M. Bongestab , N. Marwan

Disease outbreaks affect many ecosystems threatening species that also fight against other natural enemies. We investigate a cyclic game system with $5$ species, whose organisms outcompete according to the rules of a generalised spatial…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-13 E. Rangel , B. Moura , J. Menezes

Cyclic dominant systems, like rock-paper-scissors game, are frequently used to explain biodiversity in nature, where mobility, reproduction and intransitive competition are on stage to provide the coexistence of competitors. A significantly…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-08 D. Bazeia , B. F. de Oliveira , A. Szolnoki

The spatio-temporal arrangement of interacting populations often influences the maintenance of species diversity and is a subject of intense research. Here, we study the spatio-temporal patterns arising from the cyclic competition between…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-09-10 Bartosz Szczesny , Mauro Mobilia , Alastair M. Rucklidge

We study diffusion on a multilayer network where the contact dynamics between the nodes is governed by a random process and where the waiting time distribution differs for edges from different layers. We study the impact on a random walk of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-12-18 Martin Gueuning , Sibo Cheng , Renaud Lambiotte , Jean-Charles Delvenne

Generalizing the cyclically competing three-species model (often referred to as the rock-paper-scissors game), we consider a simple system of population dynamics without spatial structures that involves four species. Unlike the previous…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-01-06 Sara O. Case , Clinton H. Durney , Michel Pleimling , R. K. P. Zia

In this letter, we investigate the population dynamics in a May-Leonard formulation of the rock-paper-scissors game in which one or two species, which we shall refer to as "weak", have a reduced predation or reproduction probability. We…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-11 P. P. Avelino , B. F. de Oliveira , R. S. Trintin

Efficient search acts as a strong selective force in biological systems ranging from cellular populations to predator-prey systems. The search processes commonly involve finding a stationary or mobile target within a heterogeneously…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 Youness Azimzade , Alireza Mashaghi

We deal with stochastic network simulations in a model with three distinct species that compete under cyclic rules which are similar to the rules of the popular rock-paper-scissors game. We investigate the Hamming distance density and then…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-04-18 M. Mugnaine , F. M. Andrade , J. D. Szezech, , D. Bazeia

In a static environment, optional participation and a local agglomeration of cooperators are found to be beneficial for the occurrence and maintenance of cooperation. In the optional public goods game, the rock-scissors-paper cycles of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-05 Li-Xin Zhong , Wen-Juan Xu , Yong-Dong Shi , Tian Qiu

The Jungle Game is used in population dynamics to describe cyclic competition among species that interact via a food chain. The dynamics of the Jungle Game supports a heteroclinic network whose cycles represent coexisting species. The…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Sofia B. S. D. Castro , Ana M. J. Ferreira , Isabel S. Labouriau

We study a nonhierarchical tritrophic system, whose predator-prey interactions are described by the rock-paper-scissors game rules. In our stochastic simulations, individuals may move strategically towards the direction with more…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-02 J. Menezes , E. Rangel , B. Moura

We study a system of self-propelled, proliferating finite-size disks with game-theoretical interactions, where growth rates depend on local population composition. We analyze how these interactions influence spatial distribution,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-05 Alejandro Almodóvar , Tobias Galla , Cristóbal López

Cooperation often depends on individuals avoiding exploitation and interacting preferentially with other cooperators. We explore how context-dependent migration influences the evolution of cooperation in spatially structured populations.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-03 Dhaker Kroumi

Biodiversity widely observed in ecological systems is attributed to the dynamical balance among the competing species. The time-varying populations of the interacting species are often captured rather well by a set of deterministic…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-05-25 Yen-Chih Lin , Tzay-Ming Hong , Hsiu-Hau Lin