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The transition to smart grids has increased the vulnerability of electrical power systems to advanced cyber threats. To safeguard these systems, comprehensive security measures-including preventive, detective, and reactive strategies-are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Omer Sen , Christoph Pohl , Immanuel Hacker , Markus Stroot , Andreas Ulbig

Electric power grids are at risk of being compromised by high-impact cyber-security threats such as coordinated, timed attacks. Navigating this new threat landscape requires a deep understanding of the potential risks and complex attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Ömer Sen , Dennis van der Velde , Katharina A. Wehrmeister , Immanuel Hacker , Martin Henze , Michael Andres

This paper concerns the security of the electric power transmission grid facing the threat of malicious cyber-physical attackers. We posit that there is no such thing as perfectly effective cyber-security. Rather, any cyber-security measure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Efthymios Karangelos , Louis Wehenkel

Power systems are evolving into cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) due to the integration of modern communication and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. CPES security evaluation is challenging since the physical and cyber layers are often…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-27 Juan Ospina , Venkatesh Venkataramanan , Charalambos Konstantinou

The ongoing penetration of energy systems with information and communications technology (ICT) and the introduction of new markets increase the potential for malicious or profit-driven attacks that endanger system stability. To ensure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Thomas Wolgast , Nils Wenninghoff , Stephan Balduin , Eric Veith , Bastian Fraune , Torben Woltjen , Astrid Nieße

Local Energy Markets (LEMs), though pivotal to the energy transition, face growing cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on smart grid communication standards and vulnerable Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled devices. This is a critical…

As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment continues to be integrated into power systems, issues related to cybersecurity are increasingly emerging. Particularly noteworthy is the transition to digital substations, which is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Kuchan Park , Junho Hong , Wencong Su , HyoJong Lee

Data analytics and machine learning techniques are being rapidly adopted into the power system, including power system control as well as electricity market design. In this paper, from an adversarial machine learning point of view, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Jingshi Cui , Haoxiang Wang , Chenye Wu , Yang Yu

As power systems evolve with increased integration of renewable energy sources, they become more complex and vulnerable to both cyber and physical threats. This study validates a centralized Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) algorithm designed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Emad Abukhousa , Syed Sohail Feroz Syed Afroz , Fahad Alsaeed , Abdulaziz Qwbaiban , A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos

The gradual deployment of intelligent and coordinated devices in the electrical power system needs careful investigation of the interactions between the various domains involved. Especially due to the coupling between ICT and power systems…

The electricity grid has evolved from a physical system to a cyber-physical system with digital devices that perform measurement, control, communication, computation, and actuation. The increased penetration of distributed energy resources…

Cyber data attacks are the worst-case interacting bad data to power system state estimation and cannot be detected by existing bad data detectors. In this paper, we for the first time analyze the likelihood of cyber data attacks by…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Yingshuai Hao , Meng Wang , Joe Chow

Sophisticated cyber attacks present significant challenges for organizations in detecting and preventing such threats. To address this critical need for advanced defense mechanisms, we propose an Ensemble Defense System (EDS). An EDS is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Sarah Alharbi , Arshiya Khan

Power electronic systems (PES) face significant threats from various data availability and integrity attacks, significantly affecting the performance of communication networks and power system operation. As a result, several attack…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Kirti Gupta , Subham Sahoo , Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi

This article focuses on cyber security threats from IoT-enabled energy smart appliances (ESAs) such as smart heat pumps, electric vehicle chargers, etc., to power grid operations. It presents an in-depth analysis of the demand side threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Carsten Maple , Andrew Larkins , Daryl Flack , Christopher Few , Kenny-Awuson David , Anurag. K. Srivastava

Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced communication technologies have demonstrated great potential to manage residential energy resources by enabling demand-side management (DSM). Home energy management systems (HEMSs) can automatically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Hafiz Majid Hussain , Arun Narayanan , Subham Sahoo , Yongheng Yang , Pedro H. J. Nardelli , Frede Blaabjerg

The growing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in modern power systems has intensified the need for resilient and efficient microgrid solutions. DC microgrids have gained prominence due to their reduced conversion losses,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 S. Gokul Krishnan , Mohd Asim Aftab , Shehab Ahmed , Charalambos Konstantinou

Cyberattacks can cause a severe impact on power systems unless detected early. However, accurate and timely detection in critical infrastructure systems presents challenges, e.g., due to zero-day vulnerability exploitations and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Abhijeet Sahu , Zeyu Mao , Patrick Wlazlo , Hao Huang , Katherine Davis , Ana Goulart , Saman Zonouz

The vulnerability of cyber-physical systems to cyber attack is well known, and the requirement to build cyber resilience into these systems has been firmly established. The key challenge this paper addresses is that maturing this discipline…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Jason E. Ellis , Travis W. Parker , Joachim Vandekerckhove , Brian J. Murphy , Sidney Smith , Alexander Kott , Michael J. Weisman

With high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources along with sophisticated automation and information technology, cyber-physical energy systems (CPES, i.e. Smart Grids here) requires a holistic approach to evaluate the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Minh Tri Le , Van Hoa Nguyen , Quoc Tuan Tran , Yvon Besanger , Thierry Braconnier , Antoine Labonne , Herve Buttin