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In the present paper, we use difference Galois theory to study the nature of the generating function counting walks with small steps in the quarter plane. These series are trivariate formal power series $Q(x,y,t)$ that count the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Thomas Dreyfus , Charlotte Hardouin

In this article we obtain new expressions for the generating functions counting (non-singular) walks with small steps in the quarter plane. Those are given in terms of infinite series, while in the literature, the standard expressions use…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-24 Irina Kurkova , Kilian Raschel

We consider inhomogeneous lattice walk models in a half-space and in the quarter plane. For the models in a half-space, we show by a generalization of the kernel method to linear systems of functional equations that their generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-19 Manfred Buchacher , Manuel Kauers

We consider walks on the edges of the square lattice $\mathbb Z^2$ which obey \emph{two-step rules,} which allow (or forbid) steps in a given direction to be followed by steps in another direction. We classify these rules according to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Nicholas R. Beaton

$O(N)$ invariants are the observables of real tensor models. We use regular colored graphs to represent these invariants, the valence of the vertices of the graphs relates to the tensor rank. We enumerate $O(N)$ invariants as $d$-regular…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Remi C. Avohou , Joseph Ben Geloun , Nicolas Dub

We investigate a functional equation which resembles the functional equation for the generating function of a lattice walk model for the quarter plane. The interesting feature of this equation is that its orbit sum is zero while its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Manfred Buchacher , Manuel Kauers , Amelie Trotignon

We consider a Brownian motion with drift in the quarter plane with orthogonal reflection on the axes. The Laplace transform of its stationary distribution satisfies a functional equation, which is reminiscent from equations arising in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Sandro Franceschi , Kilian Raschel

The set of random walks with different step sets (of short steps) in the quarter plane has provided a rich set of models that have profoundly different integrability properties. In particular, 23 of the 79 effectively different models can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Nicholas R Beaton , Aleksander L Owczarek , Andrew Rechnitzer

This paper is the first application of the compensation approach to counting problems. We discuss how this method can be applied to a general class of walks in the quarter plane $Z_{+}^{2}$ with a step set that is a subset of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Ivo J. B. F. Adan , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Kilian Raschel

We solve three enumerative problems concerning families of planar maps. More precisely, we establish algebraic equations for the generating function of non-separable triangulations in which all vertices have degree at least d, for a certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-06-18 Olivier Bernardi

Trying to enumerate all of the walks in a 2D lattice is a fun combinatorial problem and there are numerous applications, from polymers to sports. Computers provide a wonderful tool for analyzing these walks; we provide a Maple package for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Bryan Ek

We study nearest-neighbors walks on the two-dimensional square lattice, that is, models of walks on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ defined by a fixed step set that is a subset of the non-zero vectors with coordinates 0, 1 or $-1$. We concern ourselves with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-21 Alin Bostan , Frédéric Chyzak , Mark van Hoeij , Manuel Kauers , Lucien Pech

We consider weighted small step walks in the positive quadrant, and provide algebraicity and differential transcendence results for the underlying generating functions: we prove that depending on the probabilities of allowed steps, certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-25 Thomas Dreyfus , Kilian Raschel

We address the enumeration of q-coloured planar maps counted bythe number of edges and the number of monochromatic edges. We prove that the associated generating function is differentially algebraic,that is, satisfies a non-trivial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Olivier Bernardi , Mireille Bousquet-Mélou

The study of lattice walks restricted to the first quadrant has shed a lot of interest in the past twenty years. In particular, there has been an important effort to classify models of weighted walks with small steps with respect to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Pierre Bonnet

A fourientation of a graph is a choice for each edge of the graph whether to orient that edge in either direction, leave it unoriented, or biorient it. Fixing a total order on the edges and a reference orientation of the graph, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Spencer Backman , Sam Hopkins

We give a new characterization of the Tutte polynomial of graphs. Our characterization is formally close (but inequivalent) to the original definition given by Tutte as the generating function of spanning trees counted according to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Olivier Bernardi

We consider the enumeration of walks on the two dimensional non-negative integer lattice with short steps. Up to isomorphism there are 79 unique two dimensional models to consider, and previous work in this area has used the kernel method,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-01 Stephen Melczer , Mark C. Wilson

Feller's book An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Application discusses statistics corresponding to sequences of coin tosses, with a dollar being won or lost depending on the outcome of each toss. This is equivalent to analyzing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Anthony Zaleski

We report on the status of the conjecture of Bousquet-M\'elou and Mishna that the univariate counting generating function of a small-step quarter-plane lattice model is D-finite if and only if the group of the walk is finite. While the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Marni Mishna , Juan Pulido