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Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

Principal Components Regression (PCR) is a traditional tool for dimension reduction in linear regression that has been both criticized and defended. One concern about PCR is that obtaining the leading principal components tends to be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-10 Martin Slawski

This paper proposes an imputation procedure that uses the factors estimated from a tall block along with the re-rotated loadings estimated from a wide block to impute missing values in a panel of data. Assuming that a strong factor…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-08-13 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

Robust principal component analysis seeks to recover a low-rank matrix from fully observed data with sparse corruptions. A scalable approach fits a low-rank factorization by minimizing the sum of entrywise absolute residuals, leading to a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Pinxi Gong , Lexiao Lai , Jianhao Ma

Principal component analysis and factor analysis are fundamental multivariate analysis methods. In this paper a unified framework to connect them is introduced. Under a general latent variable model, we present matrix optimization problems…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-31 Shifeng Xiong

Principal component analysis (PCA) is perhaps the most widely used method for data dimensionality reduction. A key question in PCA is deciding how many factors to retain. This manuscript describes a new approach to automatically selecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enes Makalic , Daniel F. Schmidt

This paper establishes bounds on the predictive performance of empirical risk minimization for principal component regression. Our analysis is nonparametric, in the sense that the relation between the prediction target and the predictors is…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-18 Christian Brownlees , Guðmundur Stefán Guðmundsson , Yaping Wang

We study the estimation of a high dimensional approximate factor model in the presence of both cross sectional dependence and heteroskedasticity. The classical method of principal components analysis (PCA) does not efficiently estimate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-01 Jushan Bai , Yuan Liao

We show that when a high-dimensional data matrix is the sum of a low-rank matrix and a random error matrix with independent entries, the low-rank component can be consistently estimated by solving a convex minimization problem. We develop a…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-11-14 Jushan Bai , Junlong Feng

We propose a supervised principal component regression method for relating functional responses with high dimensional predictors. Unlike the conventional principal component analysis, the proposed method builds on a newly defined expected…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-17 Xinyi Zhang , Qiang Sun , Dehan Kong

Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) is a fundamental technique for decomposing data into low-rank and sparse components, which plays a critical role for applications such as image processing and anomaly detection. Traditional RPCA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Kexin Li , You-wei Wen , Xu Xiao , Mingchao Zhao

Numerous applications in data mining and machine learning require recovering a matrix of minimal rank. Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a general framework for handling this kind of problems. Nuclear norm based convex surrogate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Zhao Kang , Chong Peng , Qiang Cheng

Robust principal component analysis is an important representative method in data analysis. It is usually viewed as an optimization problem involving the rank and $\ell_0$-norm of matrices. In this paper, we study the rank and $\ell_0$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Wenjing Li , Wei Bian , Kim-Chuan Toh

Principal component analysis continues to be a powerful tool in dimension reduction of high dimensional data. We assume a variance-diverging model and use the high-dimension, low-sample-size asymptotics to show that even though the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-28 Sungkyu Jung

We study least squares linear regression over $N$ uncorrelated Gaussian features that are selected in order of decreasing variance. When the number of selected features $p$ is at most the sample size $n$, the estimator under consideration…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-04 Ji Xu , Daniel Hsu

The paper considers linear regression problems where the number of predictor variables is possibly larger than the sample size. The basic motivation of the study is to combine the points of view of model selection and functional regression…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-24 Alois Kneip , Pascal Sarda

In many applications that require matrix solutions of minimal rank, the underlying cost function is non-convex leading to an intractable, NP-hard optimization problem. Consequently, the convex nuclear norm is frequently used as a surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 David Wipf

In many applications that require matrix solutions of minimal rank, the underlying cost function is non-convex leading to an intractable, NP-hard optimization problem. Consequently, the convex nuclear norm is frequently used as a surrogate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-07-11 David Wipf

Scalability of statistical estimators is of increasing importance in modern applications and dimension reduction is often used to extract relevant information from data. A variety of popular dimension reduction approaches can be framed as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-11-07 Stoyan Georgiev , Sayan Mukherjee

In many applications, particularly in the natural sciences, the available high-dimensional set of features may contain variables that are not correlated with the response under consideration. Such irrelevant features can, in certain cases,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Gianluca Finocchio , Tatyana Krivobokova