Related papers: Valuations, arithmetic progressions, and prime num…

We discuss two theorems in analytic number theory and combinatory analysis that have seen increased use in recent years. A corollary to a Tauberian theorem of Ingham allows one to quickly prove asymptotic formulas for arithmetic sequences,…

The world of primes has many gaps between evidence and theorems. Here, we review Legendre's conjecture on primes between consecutive squares and recent progress on the weaker question of primes between consecutive larger powers. Assuming…

In this paper, we study various classes of partition functions such as those related to the parity of the number of parts, to differences of partition numbers, and to partitions with a repeated smallest part. We establish identities…

In this article we study in depth the Dirichlet theorem, which states that if a, b are relative prime integers, the sequence p = an + b contains infinite prime numbers, we simplify and generalize this theorem, we enunciate some special…

Green and Tao proved that the primes contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. We show that, essentially the same proof leads to the following result: The primes in an short interval contains many arithmetic progressions of any…

In this paper we present a new mathematical conception based on a new method for ordering the integers. The method relies on the assumption that negative numbers are beyond infinity, which goes back to Wallis and Euler. We also present a…

We prove an asymptotic formula for the number of primes of the shape $a^2 +p^4$, thereby refining the well known work of Friedlander and Iwaniec. Along the way, we prove a result on equidistribution of primes up to $x$, in which the moduli…

Let $X$ be a set of positive integers, and let $\mathbb Z_K$ be the ring of integers of a number field $K$ of degree $n$. Denote by $N(I)$ the absolute norm of an ideal $I$ of $\mathbb Z_K$, and by $\mathcal A$ the set of principal ideals…

Let $p_n$ denote the $n$-th prime number, and let $d_n=p_{n+1}-p_{n}$. Under the Hardy--Littlewood prime-pair conjecture, we prove \begin{align*} \sum_{n\le X}\frac{\log^{\alpha}d_n}{d_n} \sim\begin{cases} \frac{X\log\log\log X}{\log…

Following an idea due to Euler, we evaluate the alternating sums of powers of consrcutive integers.

Let $\xi$ and $m$ be integers satisfying $\xi\ne 0$ and $m\ge 3$. We show that for any given integers $a$ and $b$, $b \neq 0$, there are $\frac{\varphi(m)}{2}$ reduced residue classes modulo $m$ each containing infinitely many primes $p$…

In the first part, we consider generalized quadratic Gauss sums as finite analogues of the Jacobi theta function, and the reciprocity law for Gauss sums as their transformation formula. We attach finite Dirichlet series to Gauss sums using…

Summation formulas, such as the Euler-Maclaurin expansion or Gregory's quadrature, have found many applications in mathematics, ranging from accelerating series, to evaluating fractional sums and analyzing asymptotics, among others. We show…

This paper is concerned with the study of the fractional finite sums theory. We present the classes of functions for which it is possible to characterize the constant related to the derivative of fractional sums (denominated by essence of a…

Formal languages are sets of strings of symbols described by a set of rules specific to them. In this note, we discuss a certain class of formal languages, called regular languages, and put forward some elementary results. The properties of…

The positivity of the sum from the title is the first condition in the well-known criterium for the validity of the Riemann Hypothesis suggested by X.-J. Li. In the paper this value is represented as an infinite sum with positive summands.

We review the theory of renewal reward processes, which describes renewal processes that have some cost or reward associated with each cycle. We present a new simplified proof of the renewal reward theorem that mimics the proof of the…

The goal of the present paper is to present a method of proving of Diophantine inequalities with primes through the use of auxiliary inequalities and available evaluations of the difference between consecutive primes. We study the Legendre…

Myriad articles are devoted to Mertens's theorem. In yet another, we merely wish to draw attention to a proof by Hardy, which uses a Tauberian theorem of Landau that "leads to the conclusion in a direct and elegant manner". Hardy's proof is…

For two odd primes $p$ and $q$ such that $p<q$, let $A(p,q):=(a_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ be the arithmetic progression whose $k$th term is given by $a_k=(k-1)(q-p)+p$ (i.e., with $a_1=p$ and $a_2=q$). Here we conjecture that for every positive…