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Runtime verification is checking whether a system execution satisfies or violates a given correctness property. A procedure that automatically, and typically on the fly, verifies conformance of the system's behavior to the specified…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-03-06 Mikhail Chupilko , Alexander Kamkin

Runtime Verification is a lightweight formal verification technique. It is used to verify at runtime whether the system under analysis behaves as expected. The expected behaviour is usually formally specified by means of properties, which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Angelo Ferrando , Rafael C. Cardoso

Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Benedikt Bollig

Runtime verification is an area of formal methods that studies the dynamic analysis of execution traces against formal specifications. Typically, the two main activities in runtime verification efforts are the process of creating monitors…

The ubiquitous reliance on software systems increases the need for ensuring that systems behave correctly and are well protected against security risks. Runtime enforcement is a dynamic analysis technique that utilizes software monitors to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Ian Cassar , Adrian Francalanza , Luca Aceto , Anna Ingolfsdottir

Runtime Verification deals with the question of whether a run of a system adheres to its specification. This paper studies runtime verification in the presence of partial knowledge about the observed run, particularly where input values may…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Hannes Kallwies , Martin Leucker , Cesar Sanchez

Monitorability delineates what properties can be verified at runtime. Although many monitorability definitions exist, few are defined explicitly in terms of the guarantees provided by monitors, i.e., the computational entities carrying out…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Luca Aceto , Antonis Achilleos , Adrian Francalanza , Anna Ingólfsdóttir , Karoliina Lehtinen

In formal verification, runtime monitoring consists of observing the execution of a system in order to decide as quickly as possible whether or not it satisfies a given property. We consider monitoring in a distributed setting, for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Léo Henry , Thierry Jéron , Nicolas Markey , Victor Roussanaly

Fault injections are increasingly used to attack/test secure applications. In this paper, we define formal models of runtime monitors that can detect fault injections that result in test inversion attacks and arbitrary jumps in the control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Ali Kassem , Yliès Falcone

Trusting software systems, particularly autonomous ones, is challenging. To address this, formal verification techniques can ensure these systems behave as expected. Runtime Verification (RV) is a leading, lightweight method for verifying…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Angelo Ferrando , Vadim Malvone

Runtime verification is a computing analysis paradigm based on observing a system at runtime (to check its expected behaviour) by means of monitors generated from formal specifications. Distributed runtime verification is runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Giorgio Audrito , Ferruccio Damiani , Volker Stolz , Mirko Viroli

Organizations need to manage numerous business processes for delivering their services and products to customers. One important consideration thereby lies in the adherence to regulations such as laws, guidelines, or industry standards. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Finn Klessascheck , Luise Pufahl

Runtime verification encompasses several lightweight techniques for checking whether a system's current execution satisfies a given specification. We focus on runtime verification for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Previous work describes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Javier Esparza , Vincent Fischer

In runtime verification, a monitor watches a trace of a system and, if possible, decides after observing each finite prefix whether or not the unknown infinite trace satisfies a given specification. We generalize the theory of runtime…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Thomas A. Henzinger , N. Ege Saraç

In concurrent and distributed systems, software components are expected to communicate according to predetermined protocols and APIs - and if a component does not observe them, the system's reliability is compromised. Furthermore, isolating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Christian Batrolo Burlò , Adrian Francalanza , Alceste Scalas

Runtime verification, also known as runtime monitoring, consists of checking whether a system satisfies a given specification by observing the trace it produces during its execution. It is used as a lightweight verification technique to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Luca Aceto , Antonis Achilleos , Duncan Paul Attard , Léo Exibard , Adrian Francalanza , Anna Ingólfsdóttir , Karoliina Lehtinen

To accurately make adaptation decisions, a self-adaptive system needs precise means to analyze itself at runtime. To this end, runtime verification can be used in the feedback loop to check that the managed system satisfies its requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Marc Carwehl , Thomas Vogel , Genaína Nunes Rodrigues , Lars Grunske

Runtime verification consists in observing and collecting the execution traces of a system and checking them against a specification, with the objective of raising an error when a trace does not satisfy the specification. We consider…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chana Weil-Kennedy , Darine Rammal , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre

Monitoring is the study of a system at runtime, looking for input and output events to discover, check or enforce behavioral properties. Interactive debugging is the study of a system at runtime in order to discover and understand its bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Raphaël Jakse , Yliès Falcone , Jean-François Méhaut , Kevin Pouget

Monitoring software systems at runtime is key for understanding workloads, debugging, and self-adaptation. It typically involves collecting and storing observable software data, which can be analyzed online or offline. Despite the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Jhonny Mertz , Ingrid Nunes
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