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Understanding causal relationships in time series is fundamental to many domains, including neuroscience, economics, and behavioral science. Granger causality is one of the well-known techniques for inferring causality in time series.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Chakattrai Sookkongwaree , Tattep Lakmuang , Chainarong Amornbunchornvej

That physiological oscillations of various frequencies are present in fMRI signals is the rule, not the exception. Herein, we propose a novel theoretical framework, spatio-temporal Granger causality, which allows us to more reliably and…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-15 Qiang Luo , Wenlian Lu , Wei Cheng , Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa , Xiaotong Wen , Mingzhou Ding , Jianfeng Feng

Granger causality has become an indispensable tool for analyzing causal relationships between time series. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of its mathematical foundations, trace its historical development, and explore how…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Lasha Ephremidze

In this letter we discuss use of Granger causality to the analyze systems of coupled circular variables, by modifying a recently proposed method for multivariate analysis of causality. We show the application of the proposed approach on…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-13 Leonardo Angelini , Mario Pellicoro , Sebastiano Stramaglia

We discuss the use of multivariate Granger causality in presence of redundant variables: the application of the standard analysis, in this case, leads to under-estimation of causalities. Using the un-normalized version of the causality…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-14 L. Angelini , M. de Tommaso , D. Marinazzo , L. Nitti , M. Pellicoro , S. Stramaglia

Granger causality is a fundamental technique for causal inference in time series data, commonly used in the social and biological sciences. Typical operationalizations of Granger causality make a strong assumption that every time point of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Chainarong Amornbunchornvej , Elena Zheleva , Tanya Berger-Wolf

We consider extension of Granger causality to nonlinear bivariate time series. In this frame, if the prediction error of the first time series is reduced by including measurements from the second time series, then the second time series is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicola Ancona , Daniele Marinazzo , Sebastiano Stramaglia

We study the problem of learning Granger causality between event types from asynchronous, interdependent, multi-type event sequences. Existing work suffers from either limited model flexibility or poor model explainability and thus fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Wei Zhang , Thomas Kobber Panum , Somesh Jha , Prasad Chalasani , David Page

Important information on the structure of complex systems, consisting of more than one component, can be obtained by measuring to which extent the individual components exchange information among each other. Such knowledge is needed to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Daniele Marinazzo , Mario Pellicoro , Sebastiano Stramaglia

Granger causality is a statistical notion of causal influence based on prediction via vector autoregression. Developed originally in the field of econometrics, it has since found application in a broader arena, particularly in neuroscience.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Lionel Barnett , Adam B Barrett , Anil K. Seth

Granger causality is widely used for causal structure discovery in complex systems from multivariate time series data. Traditional Granger causality tests based on linear models often fail to detect even mild non-linear causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ziyi Zhang , Shaogang Ren , Xiaoning Qian , Nick Duffield

Causality in time series can be challenging to determine, especially in the presence of non-linear dependencies. Granger causality helps analyze potential relationships between variables, thereby offering a method to determine whether one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Harsh Poonia , Felix Divo , Kristian Kersting , Devendra Singh Dhami

Granger causality (GC), a popular statistical method for the inference of directional influences between time series measured from a complex network, is sensitive to high-order (non-pairwise) interactions which fundamentally shape the…

We introduce a rigorous mathematical framework for Granger causality in extremes, designed to identify causal links from extreme events in time series. Granger causality plays a pivotal role in uncovering directional relationships among…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-21 Juraj Bodik , Olivier C. Pasche

Granger causality is a statistical notion of causal influence based on prediction via vector autoregression. For Gaussian variables it is equivalent to transfer entropy, an information-theoretic measure of time-directed information transfer…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-17 Sebastiano Stramaglia , Tomas Scagliarini , Yuri Antonacci , Luca Faes

Identifying causal relations among simultaneously acquired signals is an important problem in multivariate time series analysis. For linear stochastic systems Granger proposed a simple procedure called the Granger causality to detect such…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yonghong Chen , Govindan Rangarajan , Jianfeng Feng , Mingzhou Ding

The concept of Granger causality is increasingly being applied for the characterization of directional interactions in different applications. A multivariate framework for estimating Granger causality is essential in order to account for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-04 Angeliki Papana , Elsa Siggiridou , Dimitris Kugiumtzis

A fundamental goal of scientific research is to learn about causal relationships. However, despite its critical role in the life and social sciences, causality has not had the same importance in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which has…

This paper is motivated by studies in neuroscience experiments to understand interactions between nodes in a brain network using different types of data modalities that capture different distinct facets of brain activity. To assess…

While probabilistic models describe the dependence structure between observed variables, causal models go one step further: they predict, for example, how cognitive functions are affected by external interventions that perturb neuronal…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-12 Sebastian Weichwald , Jonas Peters