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We present a new method for emulating the halo mass function (HMF) and other distribution functions in large effective volumes, down to low halo masses, whilst simultaneously modifying large ranges of parameters, for a fraction of the cost…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Christopher C. Lovell , Max E. Lee , William J. Roper , Daniel Anglés-Alcázar , Shy Genel , Shivam Pandey , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro

Recent demonstrations on specialized benchmarks have reignited excitement for quantum computers, yet whether they can deliver an advantage for practical real-world problems remains an open question. Here, we show that probabilistic…

Full fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is notoriously memory-intensive, primarily because conventional optimizers such as SGD or Adam assume access to exact gradients derived from cached activations. Existing solutions either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jing Yang , Kaitong Cai , Yijia Fan , Yufeng Yang , Keze Wang

Cardinality-constrained diameter partitioning asks for a partition of $n$ items into two classes of prescribed sizes that minimizes the larger of the two class diameters. We give an $O(n^2)$ algorithm and a matching $\Omega(n^2)$ lower…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Chao Xu , Mingdong Yang

Sampling from a high-dimensional probability distribution is a fundamental algorithmic task arising in wide-ranging applications across multiple disciplines, including scientific computing, computational statistics and machine learning.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Bin Yang , Xiaojie Wang

New directions in computing and algorithms has lead to some new applications that have tolerance to imprecision. Although, These applications are creating large volumes of data which exceeds the capability of today's computing systems.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Navid Mirnouri

In this article, a novel fast randomized subspace system identification method for estimating combined deterministic-stochastic LTI state-space models, is proposed. The algorithm is especially well-suited to identify high-order and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Vatsal Kedia , Debraj Chakraborty

We study the computational complexity of approximately computing the partition function of a spin system. Techniques based on standard counting-to-sampling reductions yield $\tilde{O}(n^2)$-time algorithms, where $n$ is the size of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiaoyu Chen , Zongchen Chen , Kuikui Liu , Xinyuan Zhang

Analyzing high-dimensional data with manifold learning algorithms often requires searching for the nearest neighbors of all observations. This presents a computational bottleneck in statistical manifold learning when observations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Fan Cheng , Anastasios Panagiotelis , Rob J Hyndman

We study huge-scale assortment optimization problems to maximize expected revenue under customer choice, addressing a fundamental challenge in industries such as transportation, retail, and healthcare. The choice-based linear programming…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Donghao Zhu , Hanzhang Qin , Ching-pei Lee , Yuki Saito , Takahiro Kawashima , Kenji Fukumizu

Recently several methods were proposed for sparse optimization which make careful use of second-order information [10, 28, 16, 3] to improve local convergence rates. These methods construct a composite quadratic approximation using Hessian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-15 Katya Scheinberg , Xiaocheng Tang

Many optimally scaling quantum simulation algorithms employ controlled time evolution of the Hamiltonian, which is typically the major bottleneck for their efficient implementation. This work establishes a compression protocol for encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Erenay Karacan

We study the problem of maximizing a non-monotone submodular function subject to a cardinality constraint in the streaming model. Our main contribution is a single-pass (semi-)streaming algorithm that uses roughly $O(k / \varepsilon^2)$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Naor Alaluf , Alina Ene , Moran Feldman , Huy L. Nguyen , Andrew Suh

Motivated by the need for efficient estimation of conditional expectations, we consider a least-squares function approximation problem with heavily polluted data. Existing methods that are effective in the small-noise regime are suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Ben Adcock , Bernhard Hientzsch , Akil Narayan , Yiming Xu

Cardinality-constrained binary optimization is a fundamental computational primitive with broad applications in machine learning, finance, and scientific computing. In this work, we introduce a Grover-based quantum algorithm that exploits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Haomu Yuan , Hanqing Wu , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Bin Cheng , Crispin H. W. Barnes

There is growing interest in learning Fourier domain sampling strategies (particularly for magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) using optimization approaches. For non-Cartesian sampling patterns, the system models typically involve non-uniform…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Guanhua Wang , Jeffrey A. Fessler

Astrometric calibration of images with a small field of view is often inferior to the internal accuracy of the source detections due to the small number of accessible guide stars. One important experiment with such challenges is the Hubble…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Fan Tian , Tamás Budavári , Amitabh Basu , Stephen H. Lubow , Richard L. White

A new O(N) algorithm based on a recursion method, in which the computational effort is proportional to the number of atoms N, is presented for calculating the inverse of an overlap matrix which is needed in electronic structure calculations…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-31 T. Ozaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess a theoretical capability to model information density far beyond the limits of classical statistical methods (e.g., Lempel-Ziv). However, utilizing this capability for lossless compression involves…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Marcus Armstrong , ZiWei Qiu , Huy Q. Vo , Arjun Mukherjee

Not only source catalogs are extracted from astronomy observations. Their sky coverage is always carefully recorded and used in statistical analyses, such as correlation and luminosity function studies. Here we present a novel method for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-20 Dongwei Fan , Tamás Budavári , Alexander S. Szalay , Chenzhou Cui , Yongheng Zhao