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Consider a set represented by an inequality. An interesting phenomenon which occurs in various settings in mathematics is that the interior of this set is the subset where strict inequality holds, the boundary is the subset where equality…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-04-30 Daniel Reem

We unveil new patterns of Structural Reflection in the large-cardinal hierarchy below the first measurable cardinal. Namely, we give two different characterizations of strongly unfoldable and subtle cardinals in terms of a weak form of the…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Joan Bagaria , Philipp Lücke

Let $A_{\varphi}$ denote the matrix of rotation with angle $\varphi$ of the Euclidean plane, FLOOR the function, which rounds a real point to the nearest lattice point down on the left and ROUND the function for rounding off a vector to the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Carolin Hannusch , Attila Pethő

It is shown that Vop\v{e}nka's Principle (VP) can restore almost the entire ZF over a weak fragment of it. Namely, if EST is the theory consisting of the axioms of Extensionality, Empty Set, Pairing, Union, Cartesian Product,…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Athanassios Tzouvaras

The reflection positivity property has played a central role in both mathematics and physics, as well as providing a crucial link between the two subjects. In a previous paper we gave a new geometric approach to understanding reflection…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Arthur Jaffe , Zhengwei Liu

L. Soukup formulated an abstract framework in his introductory paper for proving theorems about uncountable graphs by subdividing them by an increasing continuous chain of elementary submodels. The applicability of this method relies on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-13 Attila Joó

This paper investigates the reliability of explanations generated by large language models (LLMs) when prompted to explain their previous output. We evaluate two kinds of such self-explanations - extractive and counterfactual - using three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Korbinian Randl , John Pavlopoulos , Aron Henriksson , Tony Lindgren

Let \phi be a first order formula and M be a countable model. \phi^M denotes the set of all assignments that satisfy \phi in M. Let M, N be countable models. A formula \phi distinguishes these models if |\phi^M|\neq |\phi^N|. We show that…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-04-04 Mohammed Assem , Tarek Sayed Ahmed

We present a system of axioms motivated by a topological intuition: The set of subsets of any set is a topology on that set. On the one hand, this system is a common weakening of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory ZF, the positive set theory GPK…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Andreas Fackler

Walsh [MR4525964, Zbl 1569.03151] has shown that comparing proof-theoretic ordinals is equivalent to comparing $\Pi^1_1$-consequence comparison and $\Pi^1_1$-reflection comparison, all modulo true $\Sigma^1_1$-sentences. In this paper, we…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Hanul Jeon

We generically construct a model in which the ${\Pi^1_3}$-uniformization property is true, thus lowering the best known consistency strength from the existence of $M_1^{\#}$ to just $\mathsf{ZFC}$. The forcing construction can be adapted to…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Stefan Hoffelner

In this note, we propose a super version of Jacobian conjecture on the automorphisms of affine superspaces over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic $0$, which predicts that for a homomorphism $\varphi$ of the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Bin Shu

Modern language models can imitate complex patterns through few-shot learning, enabling them to complete challenging tasks without fine-tuning. However, imitation can also lead models to reproduce inaccuracies or harmful content if present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Danny Halawi , Jean-Stanislas Denain , Jacob Steinhardt

The main theorem of this article is that every countable model of set theory M, including every well-founded model, is isomorphic to a submodel of its own constructible universe. In other words, there is an embedding $j:M\to L^M$ that is…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-02-14 Joel David Hamkins

We study consequences of stationary and semi-stationary set reflection. We show that the semi stationary reflection principle implies the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis, the failure of weak square principle, etc. We also consider two cardinal…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-10-29 Hiroshi Sakai , Boban Velickovic

We prove Los conjecture = Morley theorem in ZF, with the same characterization (of first order countable theories categorical in aleph_alpha for some (equivalently for every) ordinal alpha>0. Another central result here is, in this context:…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-07-08 Saharon Shelah

Let $W$ be a finite reflection group. For a given $w \in W$, the following assertion may or may not be satisfied: (*) The principal Bruhat order ideal of $w$ contains as many elements as there are regions in the inversion hyperplane…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-05 Axel Hultman

We prove preservation theorems for $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1, G}$, the countable fragment of Vaught's closed game logic. These are direct generalizations of the theorems of \L{}o\'s-Tarski (resp. Lyndon) on sentences of $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Christian Espíndola

In [FHK13], the authors considered the question whether model-existence of $L_{\omega_1,\omega}$-sentences is absolute for transitive models of ZFC, in the sense that if $V \subseteq W$ are transitive models of ZFC with the same ordinals,…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-12-11 David Milovich , Ioannis Souldatos

This is the first of a series of papers in which we initiate and develop the theory of reflection monoids, motivated by the theory of reflection groups. The main results identify a number of important inverse semigroups as reflection…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-11-07 Brent Everitt , John Fountain